the article depicts the situation before cold war in which developing countries (dcs) and least developed countries (ldcs) found themselves big loser, as they were deprived from participation in trade negotiation process, leading into establishment of gatt . therefore, they resorted to unctad  as the sole defender of their interests against developed countries in trade negotiations. unctad has ...

â â â â â â â â â â â  the recent global crisis, as a big crash ( baldwin and simon , 2009), has reduced foreign demand growth affecting total countries’ exports. given the importance of foreign trade to nations and the reality that recent crisis has affected international trade we study the effects of the global financial crisis on trade relations between countries by using ma and cheng (200...

In more recent years, it has become increasingly recognized that R&D (research and development) is a key driver of economic growth, a source of innovation and change, and as such stimulates improvements in productivity and economic competitiveness. It is closely associated with knowledge and flexibility, two factors that have gained new significance as a source of competitiveness in an increasi...

This paper investigates the relationship between trade policy and growth using a dynamic panel regression model with GMM estimates for data on 44 developing countries over 1980-1999. Trade policy is captured by measures of tariffs, import and export taxes. Typically, the average effects of changes in such policy variables have been investigated. However, from a policy perspective, the different...

Measuring development, growth and welfare is an important issue in normative and positive economics.The issue is more critical in developing economies where a good statistical indicator of income, livingstandard or poverty is crucial for decision-makers in corporate, government, non-government andinternational organizations in their for-profit or non-profit plans to promote business and trade, ...

The recent global crisis, as a big crash ( Baldwin and Simon , 2009), has reduced foreign demand growth affecting total countries’ exports. Given the importance of foreign trade to nations and the reality that recent crisis has affected international trade we study the effects of the global financial crisis on trade relations between countries by using Ma and Cheng (2003) approach and by appl...

Over the past two decades, trade in tobacco and tobacco products has expanded dramatically as a result of a variety of bilateral, regional, and international trade agreements that have significantly reduced trade barriers. This chapter provides a brief discussion of arguments derived from economic theory suggesting that the reductions in trade barriers will lead to greater competition, lower pr...

The negative effect of distance on bilateral trade is one of the most robust findings in international trade. However, the underlying causes of this negative relationship are less well understood. This paper exploits a temporary shock to distance, the closing of the Suez canal in 1967 and its reopening in 1975, to examine the effect of distance on trade and the effect of trade on income. Time s...