Thermocline layer have remarkable effects on acoustic propagation in Persian Gulf environment. So far, no comprehensive research has been conducted to explore thermocline layer, especially its characteristics including top, thickness, and thermal gradient of thermocline in Persian Gulf. Besides, effects of thermocline on underwater acoustic propagation including transmission loss and sound chan...

this research was carried out in a reforest at shirvanagriculturecollegein two years (2005-2007). the aim of this research was to determine of canopy interception loss, throughfall and stemflow. four trees species were used including pinus nigra, cupressus sempervirens, robinia pseudacacia and platanus orientalis with three replications. the results showed that the amount of canopy interception...

the rate of soil erosion and sediment yield estimation in the catchment areas is considered as an important factor for soil and water conservation practices. due to difficulties and restrictions in common soil erosion methods, applying a high accuracy method with lowest cost and time consuming would be necessary. assessment of soil loss in hilly areas with capacity of rang land that has changed...