The isotopic compositions of water vapour and its condensates have long been used as tracers of the global hydrological cycle, but may also be useful for understanding processes within individual convective clouds. We review here the representation of processes that alter water isotopic compositions during processing of air in convective updrafts and present a unified model for water vapour iso...

This study uses Dynamics of theMadden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) shipborne [Research Vessel (R/V) Roger Revelle] radar and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) datasets to investigate MJO-associated convective systems in specific organizational modes [mesoscale convective system (MCS) versus sub-MCS and linear versus nonlinear]. TheRevelle radar sampledmany ‘‘cli...

The influence of extended convective mixing (overshoot) on asymptotic giant branch stellar evolution is investigated in detail. The extended mixing is treated timedependently, and the efficiency declines exponentially with the geometric distance from the convective boundary. It has been considered at all convective boundaries, including the He-flash convection zone in the intershell region whic...

A new frontier in weather forecasting is emerging by operational forecast models now being run at convection-permitting resolutions at many national weather services. However, this is not a panacea; significant systematic errors remain in the character of convective storms and rainfall distributions. The DYMECS project (Dynamical and Microphysical Evolution of Convective Storms) is taking a fun...

We examine the convective core helium burning phase of intermediate mass stars, and investigate the role of coupling of nuclear burning and mixing on the extension and duration of the blue loop phase. We compare the theoretical scenario with the distribution of stars in the colour-magnitude (CM) diagram of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) cluster NGC1866, whose largely populated clump of He-bur...

As a tool for understanding the meridional circulation of the atmosphere, a two-dimensional ( latitude – height ) numerical model is used to clarify the relationship between the Hadley circulation and large-scale motions associated with moist convection. The model is based on the primitive equations including the moist process, and two kinds of coordinates are used: the spherical coordinate and...

The extended-range forecast skill of the ECMWF operational forecast model is evaluated during tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) events in the IndoWest Pacific warm pool. The experiment consists of ensemble extended serial forecasts including winter and summer ISO cases. The forecasts are compared with the ERA-40 analyses. The analysis focuses on understanding the origin of forecast error...

This paper presents a discussion of the thermal behaviour of personal conditioning garments both in theory and practice, A general equation, which is developed for the case of the convective air ventilated suit supplied with cccl sir, is modified for the cases of the water conditioned suit, and the air ventilated suit with wrm dry air supplies. Results of past experiments at the Institute of Av...

Narrow band slices have been taken of the radio emission spectrum from convective clouds in the frequency range from 30 mc./sec. to 550 mc./sec. and a t 7.5 kc./sec. to monitor long and short range lightning discharges. Despite the careful choice of the bands to avoid interference from manmade sources, a major problem is the identification of spurious noise. I n spite of these interferences, ra...

This study statistically investigates the timing and underlying processes of the shallow-to-deep convective transition (SDT) associated with Madden-Julian Oscillations (MJO) initiation over the Indian Ocean. Results show that SDT periods have a median value of 8–10 days with a wide spectrum of 2–20 days. SDTs lasting 10–20 days occurred nearly 50% of the time, consistent with gradual tropospher...