Supernova remnants have long been suggested as a class of potential counterparts to unidentified γ-ray sources. The mechanisms by which such γ-rays can arise may include emission from a pulsar associated with a remnant, or a variety of processes associated with energetic particles accelerated by the SNR shock. Imaging and spectral observations in the X-ray band can be used to identify propertie...

population growth as well as development of industry and agriculture has increased the demand and competition over water resources in large watersheds especially in zayandeh rud basin and severely affected on agriculture and environment sectors. hence, providing a best scenario for the allocation of water in this basin is essential. in this study, due to alternating periods of wet, drought and ...

ABSTRACT All Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) show narrow hydrogen emission lines in their spectra. Apart from this common feature, they demonstrate very broad diversity brightness, duration, and morphology of light curves, which indicates that likely come a variety progenitor systems explosion channels. A particular subset SNe IIn, the so-called IIn-P, exhibit ∼100 d plateau phases are similar to...

This case study compares the cost of maintaining a proposed subsidy for New York’s three upstate nuclear power plants (Fitzpatrick, Nine Mile Point Unit 1, and Ginna) with the cost of replacing the plants with renewable technologies over the time period from 2016 to 2050. Three alternative renewable scenarios are compared with two nuclear scenarios in terms of overall system costs, which compri...

Anthropogenic global warming caused by CO2 emissions is strongly and fundamentally linked to future energy production. The Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) from 2000 contains 40 scenarios for future fossil fuel production and is used by the IPCC to assess future climate change. Previous scenarios were withdrawn after exaggerating one or several trends. This study investigates underly...

two statistical downscaling models, the non-homogeneous hidden markov model (nhmm) and the statistical down–scaling model (sdsm) were used to generate future scenarios of both mean and extremes in the tarim river basin,which were based on nine combined scenarios including three general circulation models (gcms) (csiro30, echam5,and gfdl21) predictor sets and three special report on emission sce...