Generally the light transmitted as a radiation in a certain velocity whose value depends on the type of the medium in which the transmission occurs, in fiber optics light transmits in the form of rays, and in order that the light be totally reflected, the incident angle should be greater than the critical angle so that continuous reflections would happen on the wall of the cladding inside the f...

The geometry of a collector is one of the important factors that can increase the incident radiation on the collector surface. In the present study, the incident radiation for a stationary collector with cone geometry, i.e. a conical collector, is theoretically and experimentally investigated. This type of collector is always stable and does not need a fixture to install. Moreover, it has a...

The transmission of airborne sound into high-impedance media is of interest in several applications. For example, sonic booms in the atmosphere may impact marine life when incident on the ocean surface, or affect the integrity of existing structures when incident on the ground. Transmission across high impedance-difference interfaces is generally limited by reflection and refraction at the surf...

the geometry of a collector is one of the important factors that can increase the incident radiation on the collector surface. in the present study, the incident radiation for a stationary collector with cone geometry, i.e. a conical collector, is theoretically and experimentally investigated. this type of collector is always stable and does not need a fixture to install. moreover, it has a sym...

When an ultrasonic wave is incident on a water/solid interface generally three waves are excited in the solid: one longitudinal and two shear. The complex amplitudes of the transmitted waves depend on the material properties and the angle of incidence. At incident angles higher than the first critical angle an evanescent longitudinal wave is excited near the surface. To satisfy the boundary con...

A novel angle detector for laser beams is designed in this paper. It takes advantage of grating coupling to couple the incident light into a slab waveguide; and, the incident light’s angle can be determined by reading the outputs of light detectors within the waveguide. This device offers fast-responding on-chip detection of laser beam’s angle. Compared to techniques based on quadrant photodiod...