OBJECTIVE To evaluate inspiratory volume in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to determine the effects that incentive spirometry (IS) and the breath stacking (BS) technique have on the recovery of FVC in such patients. METHODS A prospective, controlled, randomized clinical trial involving 35 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão (HFAG, Galeão Air F...

Welfare-oriented analyses of economic outcome measures such as income and wealth in general rest on the assumption of pooling and equal sharing of resources by all members of a given household. Examining the distribution of income and wealth within the household context is almost always hampered by the lack of individual level data. Based on unique individual level wealth data from the German S...

Believability is a key issue for virtual agents. Most of the authors agree that emotional behavior and personality have a high impact on agents’ believability. The social capacities of the agents also have an effect on users’ judgment of believability. In this paper we analyze the role of plausible and/or socially appropriate emotional displays on believability. We also investigate how people j...

10 11 Abstract Collaborative learners are often meant to be guided by collaboration scripts to 12 identify, discuss, and resolve differences of opinion and knowledge. How learners engage in 13 and resolve conflict, however, may be highly dependent on learners’ cultural background. In 14 this article, we examine the extent to which a peer-critique collaboration script induces socio15 cognitive c...

This paper examines the facilitator, group member, and system roles as a complete socio-technical system. Each of these three components of the sociotechnical system is discussed in terms of the roles that they play within the context of the group meeting. This research draws from previous work on "group roles" to define how these "roles" interact to accomplish effective group per formance. The...

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This paper considers the effects of a two-period interaction on the decision of a principal to delegate authority to a potentially biased but better informed agent. Compared to the (repeated) one-period case, the agent’s first period actions may also signal his type which in turn impacts wages in Period 2. As a result, biased agents have an incentive not to follow their own preferences in Perio...

Industry reports continue to highlight the importance and growth of e-learning. However, researcher, trainers and trainees all agree that elearning is different in terms of the level of personalization and anxiety that it brings, and its impact on outcomes. This paper presents a research model to reframe the dominant theory in technology training, i.e. Socio-Cognitive theory and its impact on l...

This paper presents empirical evidence concerning the application of digital video technologies for creating design-based learning environments for middle school students. In three studies we show how the affordances and constraints of digital video technology can support for students their (a) cognitive (b) action related and (c) socio-cognitive learning processes in the domain of history. We ...

This study validates a survey-based measure of general risk attitude by an incentive compatible experiment among more than 900 participants in rural Thailand. The survey measure of self-assessed risk attitude provides a useful approximation of the experimentally derived risk attitude. This holds when we add various socio-demographic control variables to the survey-experiment-relation which are ...