everal studies suggest the importance of cardiac power output calculation, which is derived from cardiac output (CO) and mean blood pressure, to predict the prognosis in heart failure patients not only in hospital but also in the outpatient setting.1–3 CO measured by the thermodilution method with a Swan-Ganz catheter placed in the pulmonary artery has become one of the most widely accepted and...

the presence of an unknown environment, have been proposed [8]. The Object Impedance Control (OIC), an extension of impedance control, has been developed for multiple robotic arms manipulating a common object [9]. The OIC enforces a designated impedance not of an individual manipulator endpoint, but of the manipulated object itself. A combination of feedforward and feedback controls is employed...

With the expansion of telecommunication and online technologies for the purpose of survey administration, the issue of measurement validity has come to the fore. The proliferation of automated audio services and computer-based survey techniques has been matched by a corresponding denigration of the quality of traditional phone survey data, most notably as an outcome of falling response rates. T...

This paper investigates the identifiability and estimation of the parameters of the single particle model (SPM) for lithium-ion battery simulation. Identifiability is addressed both in principle and in practice. The approach begins by grouping parameters and partially non-dimensionalising the SPM to determine the maximum expected degrees of freedom in the problem. We discover that, excluding op...

permeability is a key parameter in reservoir characterization. in fact, without accurate information about reservoir permeability, there is no good solution for reservoir engineering problems. up to now, permeability values of a reservoir have been calculated through laboratory measurements or well testing methods. these methods are useful but they cannot describe a reservoir reliably and preci...

Reflection of sound waves, due to acoustic impedance mismatch at the interface of two media, is the principal physical property which allows visualization with ultrasound. In this paper, we investigate reconstruction of the acoustic impedance from ultrasound images for the first time. Similar to spatial compounding, we combine multiple images to improve the estimation. We use phase information ...

In electrical impedance tomography (EIT) the impedance distribution is usually estimated in xed elements inside the object. The implicit assumption is most often that the impedance in each element is more or less independent of the other (neighboring) elements. In many cases, such as in the impedance imaging of the chest, this model might not be a feasible one. An example is the heart muscle an...

Impedance cardiography is a noninvasive technique for monitoring stroke volume (SV), based on sensing variation in the thoracic impedance due to blood flow. In this technique, first derivative of impedance (dz/dt) is used to calculate two parameters: ventricular ejection time and (-dz/dt)max. Respiration and motion artifacts cause base line drift in the sensed impedance waveform, and this resul...

A characterization of the ionic conduction of the active layer of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell ~PEMFC! cathode by ac impedance measurement at open-circuit potential conditions was conducted. Porous electrode theory was used to derive a compact equation, ]2F& 2 /]y 1 ] ln f(y)/]y 3 ]F& 2 /]y 2 R/ f (y)(1 1 jV)F& 2 5 0, to solve for the impedance response of a cathode at open-circuit ...