Many species of female moths produce sex pheromones to attract conspecific males. Most moth species utilize Type I pheromones that consist of straight-chain compounds 10–18 carbons in length with a functional group of a primary alcohol, aldehyde, or acetate ester, and usually with several double bonds. Studies over the past three decades have demonstrated that female moths usually produce sex p...

Many fish species employ hormonal products as sex pheromones, and these cues are often mixtures that are released with a temporal pattern. This behavior is strikingly similar to that of insects, as moths use precise blends of odorants as sex pheromones and are skillful at tracking them in spite of changes in odor intensity associated with aerial dispersal. New studies in both groups of animals ...

Introduction: Pheromones play a great role in the reproductive and social behavior of animals. The main sources of pheromones are urine and paracrine secretions. Through the neuroendocrine system, prolactin is a safe parameter to measure and compare the effects of pheromones on the sexual, maternal and also lactating behavior. Methods: Female rats were divided into 19 groups (n=8). To measur...

We have investigated whether preferences for masculine and feminine characteristics are correlated across two modalities, olfaction and vision. In study 1, subjects rated the pleasantness of putative male (4,16-androstadien-3-one; 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one) and female (1,3,5 (10),16-estratetraen-3-ol) pheromones, and chose the most attractive face shape from a masculine-feminine continuum for ...