background and objectives: with increasing rate of immunodeficiency diseases in the world, opportunistic micro-organism such as pneumocystis jirovecii ( p. jirovecii ) become more important. little information is available on prevalence of this life- threatening microorganism in iran. this study was designed to determine the colonization and the rate of active disease caused by p. jirovecii in ...

Any illness associated with possible immune dysfunction during childhood requires a decision on the start and/or continuation of ongoing vaccination program according to national guidelines, as well as the decision on possible booster vaccination and vaccination with additional, registered vaccines. It is widely accepted that if a child with presumed or proven immune disorder might benefit from...

W hile undergoing a routine mammogram, Mrs. B, age 76 years and in good health, was found to have right axillary adenopathy. A core biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma and she was referred to an oncologist who recommended treatment with six cycles of bendamustine, mitoxantrone, and rituximab. She tolerated the treatment fairly well except for mild lower abdominal discomfort fo...

BACKGROUND Although invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is more prevalent in immunocompromised patients, critical care clinicians need to be aware of the occurrence of IPA in the nontraditional host, such as a patient with chronic lung disease. The purpose of this study was to describe the IPA patient with chronic lung disease and compare the data with that of immunocompromised patients. M...

Purpose. To investigate the impact of severe respiratory adenoviral infection on morbidity and case fatality in immunocompromised children. Methods. Combined retrospective-prospective cohort study of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in four children's hospitals with severe adenoviral respiratory infection and an immunocompromised state between August 2009 and October 2013. We ...

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a pathogen associated with respiratory tract infection and is related to avian pneumovirus. Typically, children, the elderly, and those who are immunocompromised are the most susceptible to HMPV infection; however, the virus can infect persons of all ages. In otherwise healthy individuals, HMPV infection is generally self-limiting, but immunocompromised individua...

BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) may improve diagnostic accuracy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study compared the performance of the tuberculin skin test (TST) with that of IGRA for the diagnosis of LTBI in immunocompromised patients in an intermediate TB burden country where BCG vaccination is mandatory. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational stud...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of intestinal coccidian parasites in immunocompromised patients with or without diarrhoea at our centre. Materials and Methods: Stool samples were collected from 62 immunocompromised patients with diarrhoea and they were examined for the presence of coccidian parasites by microscopy. Also, 42 control samples from immunocompromised patients without diarrhoea ...

Background Pneumocystis carinii is one of the rare fungi which cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. It is important to detect the fungus from the clinical specimens of suspected patients by laboratory tests. Objective To identify Pneumocystis carinii from immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Methods This study included 300 patients su...