Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia in humans is strongly associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. It remains controversial whether liver injury in hepatitis C is primarily attributable to direct viral cytopathic effect or to an immune-mediated response. We characterized the role of cryoglobulinemia in the development of liver disease in thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) transgenic m...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is an important public health concern in South Africa (SA). The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine was introduced into the South African Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI-SA) in 1995. There is no 'catch-up' programme in place. The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in the SA population is unknown. Waning of vaccine-induced immunity leaves people at ri...

Neither hepatitis B virus (HBV) nor hepatitis C virus (HCV) is cytopathic, and hepatitis is caused by the host immune response against virus-related peptides expressed on hepatocytes in conjunction with human leukocyte antigens (HLA). In acute self-limiting hepatitis, a broad immune response occurs that is strong enough to eradicate the virus or suppress viral replication (Rehermann, 1996). How...

background human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients are also frequently exposed to the hepatitis b virus (hbv), due to the common routes of transmission, therefore, prevention of hepatitis b results in decreased complications of the disease. objectives since the immune response of hiv patients to hepatitis b vaccination is less robust than that found in healthy individuals, this stu...

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies has revolutionized melanoma treatment. downside are immune-mediated adverse events which frequent require close patient management. We report a case severe hepatitis pneumonitis under combined immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy requiring immunosuppressive therapy. Under therapy, however, series opportunistic infections occ...

New information has prompted revision of the conceptual framework for considering the epidemiology and virology of viral hepatitis. The means are now at hand to identify infections due to either Hepatitis A or B, as well as to implicate other etiologic agents in hepatitis. Immunologic evidence of variation in the antigens associated with Hepatitis B, and possibly in Hepatitis A, may explain som...

Abstract Background There is a decrease in vaccine-specific antibody to certain vaccine-preventable diseases in children after chemotherapy, but the frequency of non-immune patients is not clear. In the present case-control study, was taken under investigation protection level to Hepatitis B infection in children 6 months after completing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods In this study 6...