Various commercial vaccines for immunization of broiler chickens against infectious bursal disease (IBD) are available, so it would be appropriate to compare the pathogenicity and immune response of chickens to these vaccines. In this study the pathogenicity and serologic response of four IBD vaccines, cloned D78®, Bursine-2®, Bursimune® and Cevac Gambo-L®, were evaluated in specific pathogen f...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic demyelinating disease and also is one of the most common disabling neurological disorders in young and middle-aged adults. the main pathogenesis of ms has long been thought to be an immune mediated disorder of the central nervous system. the function of the immune system is under the influence of vitamin d which as a modulator of immune response could play a...

In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, interleukin-3 protein released by cells called astrocytes activates microglia, the immune brain. These then cluster around disease-associated aggregates and help to clear them. An immune-signalling axis in brain helps reduce plaques.

Increased susceptibility of birds to avian pathogens in intensive husbandry system has emphasized on necessity of improvement of innate and specific immune responses of birds by the fast establishment of a beneficial microflora and immune stimulator factors to guarantee healthy and low-price products. During this study, 192 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross-380) in four groups with three replica...

hepatitis a is common in children and usually is a self-limiting disease.  although extrahepatic and hematological immune manifestations following acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection have rarely been reported, they are frequently observed in other viral hepatitis. in this paper, we report the case of a 3-year-old girl who developed immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp) and hemolytic anemia ...

introduction hydrops fetalis is a serious condition in fetal period, characterized by the presence of serous fluid accumulation in at least two potential spaces in fetus including pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and ascites. the incidence of hydrops fetalis is one per 2500-3000 pregnancies. this condition is followed by different diseases. fetal hemolytic anemia and its hypoxemia due to...

hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is one of the complications of epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. although the patients who have developed hlh following ebv have normal immune system, there are a few patients with ebv-induced immune deficiency who develop hlh as well. here, we describe the case of a 10-year-old girl with neurological complications caused by ebv-induced hlh. the patien...

  Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy is an autoimmune disease with progressive and relapsing courses. The main clinical presentations are diffuse deep tendon hyporeflexia or areflexia and symmetric proximal-distal muscles weakness. Myasthenia gravis is also an immune mediated disease with fluctuating ocular and bulbar symptoms and sometimes weakness. Although both myasthenia grav...

high cortisol level in endogenous cushing’s syndrome suppresses the immune system and after treatment there may be an over activity of immune reaction leading to autoimmune diseases mostly thyroid and rheumatologic disorders. this is the second reported case of multiple sclerosis developing after treatment of cushing’s syndrome. a 42-year old man is reported who presented with bone fracture and...