Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but most patients still do not receive a long-term benefit from these therapies, and many experience off-target, immune-related adverse effects. RCC is also different other ICI-responsive tumors, as it has only modest mutation burden, total neoantigen load does correlate with ICI response...

Intrathecally synthesized antibodies, detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), can have two different sources: a causative persisting antigen or a polyspecific concomitant immune response. The classical view of the immune response is the clonal selection of a B lymphocyte clone producing specific antibodies against the invading microorganism. As always several clones are found to fit the specific...

Monocytes, plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells are crucial for antiviral immune responses. A new study now compares severe moderate cases of COVID-19 links defects in viral sensing, interferon antigen presentation pathways, associated with upregulated apoptosis inflammatory to high severity.

For an immune response against an eliciting antigen, innate and adaptive immune mechanisms interact to provide a specific and appropriate response characterized by self-non-self discrimination and memory. This non-random process involves antigen presentation followed by T cell recognition and activation with the elaboration of T cell-derived lymphokines. The nature and amount of lymphokine prod...

Introduction: Chikungunya chronic joint disease causes debilitating arthralgia, significantly impacting the quality of life affected individuals. Methods: In this study, patients underwent clinical follow-ups, biopsies, and pre-biopsy 24 months post-biopsy serum dosage cytokines. Results: All participants were female had pain in 12 joints on average, with 41.17% exhibiting moderate activity. Hi...