the imams of ahl al-bayt (‘a) have applied three methods in dealing with rulers as follows: taqiyyah (assimilation), armed struggle, and occultation. they have applied taqiyyah for keeping the unity among muslims and their followers. this does not mean that they have kept silent and did not care about muslims, rather they had active role in social life. an example of this active role is the ima...

M.K.U..P., ana Moyra w imams, u.rnu., c.Litt. jvietnuen. ss.ou. i Dr. Westropp and Dr. Williams both serve on the staff of the Oxford Geriatric Unit and this small book consists of information acquired and recommendations made as a result of five years' research and practical work with old people. The whole field is covered and the subjects dealt with? "Changes which Occur with Age", General Ca...

American Muslims represent a growing and diverse community. Efforts at promoting cultural competence, enhancing cross-cultural communication skills, and improving community health must account for the religio-cultural frame through which American Muslims view healing. Using a community-based participatory research model, we conducted 13 focus groups at area mosques in southeast Michigan to expl...

  Background and Objectives: Sele-ye Rahem is a social behaviour that promotes social spirit, improves life expectancy and physical and mental health. Seleh-ye Rahem means maintaining supporting and friendly relationships with one’s physical arham (family members and relatives) and spiritual arham (consisting of the Prophet, the infallible Imams, religious scholars and Imam’s d...

Ahbarism, which emerged with the absence of twelfth imam in 260/873, did not grant right to life rational interpretations and disciplines, claiming that religion can only be understood by information provided imams. For this reason, it is a known fact most imami scholars rejected methods mental revelation until beginning hijri 6th / 11th century. With prolongation imam's absenteeism (h.260/873)...

throughout history there have always been debates and disagreements concerning the limits of the attributes of the purified imams (a.s.), whether within the shī‘ī circles or outside them. perhaps the most controversial of them has been the book published in recent years entitled, maktab dar farāyand-i takāmul (school in the process of evolution). in this research, with a critical review of the ...

Multi-attribute methods (MAMs) are becoming increasingly popular for their ability to analyze multiple critical quality attributes (CQA) in a single workflow. This capability becomes particularly attractive product class such as monoclonal antibodies, which large and complex, have many CQAs that need be monitored controlled during manufacturing so deliver consistent quality. In an earlier insta...