the conception and creation of eternal samples is one of the most evident efforts made by man from the very beginning of human life when he observed death and mortality and found all the world's manifestations prone to collapse and destruction. one of the most significant images related to the concept of externality and immortality is circular symbols. in fact, man has represented the conc...

In this paper, we describe a color segmentation based on the normalized RGB chromaticity diagram to extract the symbols and characters of road guidance signs. The proposed method separates blue color of the signs by utilizing the developed histogram on the normalized RGB chromaticity diagram for selecting the threshold automatically. The image morphology operator and the histogram projection te...

Converting handwritten formulas to LaTex is a challenging machine learning problem. An essential step in the recognition of mathematical formulas is the symbol recognition. In this paper we show that pyramids of oriented gradients (PHOG) are effective features for recognizing mathematical symbols. Our best results are obtained using PHOG features along with a one-againstone SVM classifier. We t...

A method to separate and recognize the touching/overlapping alphanumeric characters is proposed. The characters are processed in raster-scanned color cartographic maps. The map is segmented first to extract all text strings including those that are touching other symbols, strokes and characters. Second, OCR-based recognition with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is applied to define the coordin...

This paper presents a special symbol recognition system that incorporates the result of an OCR to recognize the special symbols those not handled by the current commercial OCR systems. Given a document image and the OCR output, we first refine the character coordinates produced by the OCR. Then, the special symbols are distinguished from the normal characters. Finally, we compute the features f...