background to estimate the total annual cost due to chronic hepatitis b (chb)-related diseases imposed on each patient and his/her family in iran.   methods economic burden of chb-related diseases (chb, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) were examined. in this retrospective study, 100 iranian patients were identified to obtain their socioeconomic status, utilization (direct and indirect c...

background: multiple sclerosis is a common disorder between neural and immune systems whose main psychological consequence is dropping the quality of life. the lack of a basic targeted theoretical model is the most common flaw of few pre trails. it has been shown; the components of leventhals’ model (illness representations) are associated with chronic illness outcomes. the aim of this study wa...

background: illness representations (based on leventhal's model) are associated with chronic illness outcomes. it has been suggested that targeting these cognitive components improves illness outcomes. multiple sclerosis is a common disorder between neural and immune systems that creates physical and psychological consequences. there are few pre psychological trails on these patients. the aim o...

aim and background: schemas are cognitive patterns that have a major impact on the perception and behavior. therefore, it is necessary to investigate their role in determining and changing health related behaviors in ms patients. the purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of illness perception on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas in the domain of rejection...

the pediatric risk of mortality (prism) score is a measure of illness severity based on abnormalities observed on bedside examination and laboratory assessment at pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission to predict mortality probability. our study was performed on 205 patients who were admitted to picu of children’s medical center (cmc) over a period of 6 months.data were recorded prospec...

conclusions: the current review is aimed at analyzing and managing various clinical aspects of hypothyroidism in hospitalized elderly, and critically ill geriatric patients. context: articles in various international and national bibliographic indices were extensively searched with an emphasis on thyroid and hypothyroid disorders, hypothyroidism in elderly hospitalized patients, hypothyroidism ...

a bstra ct     background: patients’ compliance to treatment is an important indicator for evaluating the successful management in chronic illnesses. despite the fact an applicable definition of compliance is required to suitable intervention and research, this concept is not clear and there is no consensus concerning its meaning, definition, and measurement. the aim of this study was to explor...

emotional factors and a recurrent psychosomatic environment, have been implicated in the evolution of atopic dermatitis. these, in turn, affect the disease. this study was under taken to evaluate the functioning of families with a child that has atopic dermatitis without skin symptoms and the parents’ perceptions of their child’s disease. semi-quantitative and cross-sectional study in which que...