Many molecular and cellular abnormalities detected in the diabetic retina support a role for IL-1β-driven neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. IL-1β is well known for its role in the induction and, through autostimulation, amplification of neuroinflammation. Upregulation of IL-1β has been consistently detected in the diabetic retina; however, the mechanisms and cellula...

Objective(s) Using herbal medicines as a complementary treatment method is increasing in wide variety of diseases. MS14-an herbal-marine preparation-is reported to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities; however, the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect is not known. Macrophages play an important role in host defense mechanisms and carry out their role by producing vario...

Abstract Background Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that sense danger signals from damaged cells and pathogens assemble to mediate caspase-1 activation, which results in the proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β IL-18 into bioactive forms. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical component innate immune system mediates activati...

shiga toxins (stxs) are bacterial virulence factors produced by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and escherichia coli strains. stxs are critical factors for the development of diseases such as severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. additionally, stxs trigger the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly in monocytes or macrophages. the inflammatory cyto...

In the aged brain, synaptic plasticity and memory show increased vulnerability to impairment by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β). In this study, we evaluated the possibility that synapses may directly undergo maladaptive changes with age that augment sensitivity to IL-1β impairment. In hippocampal neuronal cultures, IL-1β increased the expression of the IL-1 receptor type 1 and ...

Abstract Objective In this study, we investigated the levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐18, and NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in patients with premature rupture membranes (PROMs). Methods We selected 60 pregnant women at Fourth Hospital Baotou between January 2019 July 2021. These were divided into three distinct groups: preterm PROM group 20 cases, term (T...

Bacterial biofilms resist host defenses and antibiotics partly because of their decreased metabolism. Some bacteria use proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, as cues to promote biofilm formation and to alter virulence. Although one potential bacterial IL-1β receptor has been identified, current knowledge of the bacterial IL-1β sensing mechanism is limited. In chronic biofilm i...