with the increase in population and consequent increasing needs of society, land use planning is of particular importance. land use planning due to being involved with several conflicting aims, multi- objective evolutionary algorithm would be a useful tool to solve land use planning. but use of these algorithms should be examined according to the type of issues. in the study, addition to introd...

While hearing protection devices (HPD) have been the last and often only line of defense against noise-induced hearing loss in the workplace, their performance has been suspect. Laboratory evaluations have not proven to predict the actual performance of HPD in the field. Individual fit testing of HPD will allow the determination of HPD performance on individual workers, and this will improve th...

The objective of this paper is to present an approach for assessing tree growth and shrub encroachment between 1997 and 2002 in open mire land using CIR-aerial images, DSMs and LiDAR data. The study area is located in the Pre-alpine zone of Central Switzerland. The present study was carried out in the framework of the Swiss Mire Protection Program, where changes of forest area are a key issue. ...

Thawing permafrost in the sub-Arctic has implications for the physical stability and biological dynamics of peatland ecosystems. This study provides an analysis of how permafrost thawing and subsequent vegetation changes in a sub-Arctic Swedish mire have changed the net exchange of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4 over the past three decades. Images of the mire (ca. 17 ha) and sur...

We compared the amount and composition of different aboveground biomass (BM) fractions of four mires with their net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) measured by eddy covariance. We found clear differences in response of green biomass (GBM) of plant functional types (PFTs) to water table (WT), which resulted in larger spatial variation in GBM within a mire than variation between mires. GBM varied be...

biodiversity plays a crucial role in stability and productivity of natural ecosystem. the main goal of this research was to classify ecological groups in steppe rangeland and investigate their relationships with plant diversity indices. therefore, fifty different land unit tracts (lut) were identified in khod-neuk basin, yazd province, iran, in 2010. vegetation and soil samples were taken in th...