This paper is in the form of an essay. It defines fractal tops and code space structures associated with set-attractors of hyperbolic iterated function systems (IFSs). The fractal top of an IFS is associated with a certain shift invariant subspace of code space, whence the entropy of the IFS, and of its set-attractor, may be defined. Given any ordered pair of hyperbolic IFSs, each with the same...

The technique of image compression using Iterative Function System (IFS) is known as fractal image compression. An extension of IFS theory is Partitioned or local Iterative Function System (PIFS) for coding the gray level images. Several techniques of PIFS based image compression have already been proposed by many researchers. The theory of PIFS appears to be different from the theory of IFS in...

Algebraic GIFS is a class of graph-directed iterated function systems (IFS) on R with algebraic parameters. A dual IFS of an algebraic GIFS can be constructed, and the duality between the two systems and has been investigated from various points of view. We review the results of dual IFS concerning the open set condition, purely periodic codings and the Rauzy-Thurston tilings, and their relatio...

An IFS (iterated function system) such that there exists a positive bounded function h : [0, 1] → R and a probability ν on [0, 1] satisfying P u (h) = ρh, P * u (ν) = ρν. There is no meaning to ask if the probabilities ν on [0, 1] arising in IFS are invariant for a dynamical system, but, we can ask if probabil-itiesˆν on [0, 1] × Σ are holonomic forˆσ. A probabilityˆν on [0, 1] × Σ is called ho...

Separate populations of microtubules (MTs) distinguishable by their level of posttranslationally modified tubulin subunits and by their stability in vivo have been described. In polarized 3T3 cells at the edge of an in vitro wound, we have found a striking preferential coalignment of vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs) with detyrosinated MTs (Glu MTs) rather than with the bulk of the MTs, whi...

Although several brief sensitive screening tools are available to detect cognitive dysfunction, few have been developed to quickly assess executive functioning (EF) per se. We designed a new brief tool to evaluate EF in neurodegenerative diseases. Patients with an established diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD; n = 22), Alzheimer disease (AD; n = 25), and controls (n...

The implementation and application of a newly developed coupled system combining ECMWF’s integrated forecast system (IFS) with global chemical transport models (CTMs) is presented. The main objective of the coupled system is to enable the IFS to simulate key chemical species without the necessity to invert the complex source and sink processes such as chemical reactions, emission and deposition...

agronomic and physiological traits and protein expression were compared between non-bt glandless upland cotton variety-zhong5629 and its bt-transgenic near-isogenic lines differing in cryiac gene. results showed that the bt isogenic line had higher plant height and rate of effective bolls, more internal bolls but lower yield, than the non-bt line. the bt isogenic line had lower chlorophyll cont...

Temperature fluctuation which can be treated as fault event has been recognized as a major cause of the intermittent faults (IFs). In order to investigate the failure mechanism of IFs correlated with temperature, the regulation of IF evolution through fault and reset events is studied and transient thermal analysis is carried out. Analysis result shows that the temperature of MCM is fluctuant d...