Let us assume that some businessmen wish to have a meeting. For this to happen, they usually have to meet somewhere. If they cannot meet physically, then they can take part in a video (or audio) conference to discuss whatever needs to be discussed. But what if their meeting is meant to be private? In this case they need a cryptographic protocol that allows them to exchange their ideas remotely,...

Reputation concerns can discipline agents to take costly effort and generate good outcomes. But what if outcomes are not always observed? We consider a model of reputation with shifting observability, and ask how this affects agents’ incentives. We identify a novel and intuitive mechanism by which infrequent observation or inattention can actually strengthen reputation incentives and encourage ...

The study of measurable and integrable selections from a correspondence (set-valued function) has been of interest for some time [e.g., see Aumann (1965), Hildenbrand (1974), etc.]. Here we take up the study of distributions of such selections. The motivation for doing this comes from Mathematical Economics [see Kannai (1970, section 7); the reader interested in the economic applications is ref...

When a non-interactive story is reread, the experience may change, even though the text remains the same. But what if the text is potentially different in each reading session, as is the case in an interactive story – how does rereading change in the context of interactive stories? In our earlier empirical studies of rereading we found that, surprisingly, readers of interactive stories reported...

We analyzed the effects of dopamine signaling on the temporal organization of rest and activity in Drosophila melanogaster. Locomotor behaviors were recorded using a video-monitoring system, and the amounts of movements were quantified by using an image processing program. We, first, confirmed that rest bout durations followed long-tailed (i.e., power-law) distributions, whereas activity bout d...

In standard arithmetic, if we, e.g., accidentally added a wrong number y to the preliminary result x, we can undo this operation by subtracting y from the result x+ y. A similar possibility to invert (undo) addition holds for intervals. In this paper, we show that if we add a single non-interval set, we lose invertibility. Thus, invertibility requirement leads to a new characterization of the c...

Perfectionists have excessively high standards and thus are prone to experience dissatisfaction and embarrassment. But what if they achieve perfection? The present study investigated in a sample of 194 university students how self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism predicted emotional reactions (satisfaction, dissatisfaction, pride, embarrassment) to imagined situations in which stu...

Stochastic programs are usually hard to solve when applied to real-world problems; a common approach is to consider the simpler deterministic program in which random parameters are replaced by their expected values, with a loss in terms of quality of the solution. The Value of the Stochastic Solution—VSS—is normally used to measure the importance of using a stochastic model. But what if VSS is ...

The purpose of this paper is to show through laboratory results, the performance of the new DLIF (Double Low-IF) receiver architecture. This new approach minimizes the receiver’s cost by eliminating the need for RF image-reject and IF-Saw channel filters, avoids some of the shortcomings of direct conversion and single Low-IF methods and can be applied in GSM-like mobile stations. Performance re...