This paper describes a theory of reasoning about uncertainly, based on a representation of state'i of certainly called endorsements (see Cohen and Grinberg, 1983, for a more detailed discussion of the theory.) The theory of endorsements is an alternative to numerical methods for reasoning about uncertainty, such as subjective Bayesian methods (Shortliffe and Buchanan, 1975; Duda, Hart, and Nils...

The efficient decentralized provision of public goods requires that special interest groups, such as municipal unions, do not exercise undue influence on the outcome of municipal elections and local fiscal policies. We develop a new political economy model in which a union can endorse one of the candidates in a local election. A politician that prefers an inefficiently large public sector can, ...

the effect of mentha spicata l. extract on the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in 1.0 m hcl solution was investigated using polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis) and electrochemical noise (en) techniques. the solution containing 250 ppm of the ethanolic solution of extract showed the highest inhibition efficiency (ie). the effect of temperature on the rate of corrosion ...

1 This research is sponsored in part by the USAF, Air Force Materiel Command, under contract F30602-97-1-0252, "MarketNet: A Survivable, Market-based Architecture for Large-scale Information Systems". The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or i...

This research adapts experimental design to investigate the effect of conditioning or not and pre-exposure or not on brand attitude, so it is a 2×2 4 factorial design. The results show that the brand attitude of conditioning group is significantly higher than that of unconditioning group. The brand attitude with pre-exposure is significantly higher than that without pre-exposure. Conditioning o...

n-propylsalicylidene based on silica as ion exchanger (ie) was used for the separation by complexation of mn2+, co2+, ni2+, cu2+, hg2+, cr3+, fe3+, and uo22+ from their parent solutions. ie and its metal complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, electronic and infrared spectra, in addition to thermal analysis in atmospheric pressure. the mode of chelation and the proposed geometric str...

Impact-Echo (IE) is a nondestructive testing technique for plate like concrete structures. We propose a new sensor concept for air-coupled IE measurements. By using an array of MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) microphones, instead of a single receiver, several operational advantages compared to conventional sensing strategies in IE are achieved. The MEMS microphone array sensor is cost ef...

Consumer endorsements have along been used as an advertising strategy, and now, it is also easy to see consumer endorsements in online shopping sites. A positive Online Consumer Review (OCR) is a consumer endorsement in the web site. Although the sources of both OCR and consumer endorsement in advertisement (CEA) are typical consumers, trust in the source of OCR could be perceived differently f...

Vanillin offers interesting possibilities for corrosion inhibition because of its safe use and highsolubility in water. The effect of vanillin on the corrosion inhibition of AISI 304 stainless steel in0.5M H2SO4 solution has been studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the electrochemical noise(EN) tec...