The article gives the concept and reveals content of a trade secret, highlights procedure conditions for ensuring protection such information, analyzes criteria legality its receipt by law enforcement agencies, as well mechanism bringing to responsibility violation confidentiality regime information related secrets.

This paper gives an overview of the Patent Machine Translation Task (PatentMT) at NTCIR-10 by describing its evaluation methods, test collections, and evaluation results. We organized three patent machine translation subtasks: Chinese to English, Japanese to English, and English to Japanese. For these subtasks, we provided large-scale test collections, including training data, development data ...

Despite the obvious practical importance of the question, economists did not attempt until the 1990s to assess empirically the effects of international variations in the strength of IPRs. Without such evidence, the field lay open to strong claims on both sides of the debate—a situation that remains largely true today. Thus, for example, advocates of global harmonization of strongly protective s...

Unlike conventional wisdom, I find more constrained firms have significantly higher innovative efficiency (IE) measured by patent citations (or counts) per dollar of R&D (research and development). This constraints-IE relation is robust to measures of financial constraints, measures of IE, and different sets of control variables. Furthermore, this effect exists only among firms with strong mana...

The chapter deals with ethical aspects of patent law and how the global patent regime helps or hinders the development of a developing country such as Thailand. More specifically, it discusses Article 27.3 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which states that countries may exclude methods of medical treatment, plants ...

The chapter deals with ethical aspects of patent law and how the global patent regime helps or hinders the development of a developing country such as Thailand. More specifically, it discusses Article 27.3 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which states that countries may exclude methods of medical treatment, plants ...

The chapter deals with ethical aspects of patent law and how the global patent regime helps or hinders the development of a developing country such as Thailand. More specifically, it discusses Article 27.3 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which states that countries may exclude methods of medical treatment, plants ...

in this study, an attempt has been made to expound the iranian law of intellectual property in relation to biotechnology. the most important themes studied are patents, industrial designs and trade marks. the latest relevant piece of legislation concerning the subject matters was passed in march 2008. however, the history of laws and regulations in this field goes back to early twentieth centur...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a framework for measuring the degree of public health-sensitivity of patent legislation reformed after the World Trade Organization's TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement entered into force. METHODS The methodology for establishing and testing the proposed framework involved three main steps:(1) a literature review on TRI...

Would global patent protection be too weak without international coordination? Would it be too strong with the international coordination mandated by the TRIPS agreement (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights)? I try to answer these questions using a model of patent-setting game between governments. I introduce firm-biased government preferences and trade barriers, ...