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The young onset Parkinson disease is a progressive neurodegenerative characterized by both motor and non features. diseases affect families caregivers through its degenerative effect on mobility the muscle control.[1] main difference between of disorder (YOPD)and late (LOPD) genetic etiology clinical symptoms e.g., dystonia levodopa induced per dyskinesia are common in YOPD. YOPD person carryin...

The authors performed nerve conduction studies in nine PARK2 and eight idiopathic Parkinson disease patients and found a significant reduction of sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude in eight PARK2 patients who mostly remained asymptomatic. These data suggest that sensory axonal neuropathy may be a common clinical feature of PARK2 and a reduced amplitude of sural SNAP could be ...

The effect of concurrent music on gait was investigated amongst Parkinson " s disease (PD) patients and age-matched control subjects. Ten people (mean age 66.6 ± 6.5 years) with idiopathic Parkinson " s disease and ten healthy age-matched (mean age 65.4 ± 6.3 years) control subjects completed steady state gait, dual task and obstacle negotiation trials in two differing test conditions; no music...

Saccadic eye tracking was studied in a monkey given i.v. injections of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The Parkinson-like symptoms which appeared in the animal's general motor behavior (akinesia, bradykinesia, hypokinesia) were also observed in its eye tracking. Similar oculomotor deficits are seen in patients with idiopathic Parkinsonism. The MPTP model offers excellent po...

abstract   background: to improve the debilitating features of parkinson disease (pd) different medical and surgical approaches are available. subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (stn-dbs) was appeared to be a promising method during last two decades. this study aimed to evaluate early motor outcomes of this procedure in first trial of iranian patients .   methods: thirty-seven consecuti...

background: looking in literature reveals that aging is accompanied by olfactory dysfunction and hyposmia/anosmia is a common manifestation in some neurodegenerative disorders. olfactory dysfunction is regarded as non-motor manifestations of parkinson disease (pd). the main goal of this study was to examine the extent of olfactory dysfunction in persian pd patients. methods: we used seven types...

parkinson's disease (pd) is a very common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly population. current treatments for parkinson’s disease are based on symptom therapy but not the underlying cause of the disease. this disorder is caused neuronal death which triggers the activation of resident glial cells. this situation leads to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. activated ...

background & aim: parkinson's disease (pd) can be created with loss of dopaminergic substantial nigra neurons which is widely associated with oxidative stress and reduced glutathione (gsh), as the most important and abundant thiol in tissues and one of the antioxidant defense, is one of the earliest biochemical events related to parkinson's and consumption of antioxidants has a protec...

background: patients with parkinson's disease (pd) have different cognitive impairments.the goal of this study is the analysis of these changes in the mentioned patients.a cross-sectional study was performed on 87 patients with pd. patients were given a questionnaire to gather data about their medical and living statuses. to assess cognitive assessment, scopa-cog (scales for outcome in parkinso...