pediatric traumatic limb amputations are rare and their acute and long term management can be challenging in this subgroup of patients. the lengthy and costly hospital stays, and resulting physical and psychological implications leads to significant morbidity. we present a summary of treatment principles and the evidence base supporting the management options for this entity. the initial manage...

In this note we give examples of a ring that has no maximal ideals. Recall that, by a Zorn’s lemma argument, a ring with identity has a maximal ideal. Therefore, we need to produce examples of rings without identity. To help motivate our examples, let S be a ring without identity. We may embed S in a ring R with identity so that S is an ideal of R. Notably, set R = Z⊕S, as groups, and where mul...

the rings considered in this article are commutative with identity $1neq 0$. by a proper ideal of a ring $r$,  we mean an ideal $i$ of $r$ such that $ineq r$.  we say that a proper ideal $i$ of a ring $r$ is a  maximal non-prime ideal if $i$ is not a prime ideal of $r$ but any proper ideal $a$ of $r$ with $ isubseteq a$ and $ineq a$ is a prime ideal. that is, among all the proper ideals of $r$,...

We show that the degree of a graded lattice ideal of dimension 1 is the order of the torsion subgroup of the quotient group of the lattice. This gives an efficient method to compute the degree of this type of lattice ideals.

The maximality of Abelian subgroups play a role in various parts of group theory. For example, Mycielski [8, 7] has extended a classical result of Lie groups and shown that a maximal Abelian subgroup of a compact connected group is connected and, furthermore, all the maximal Abelian subgroups are conjugate. For finite symmetric groups the question of the size of maximal Abelian subgroups has be...

in this paper we introduce and study an algebraic structure, namely grouplike. a grouplike is something between semigroup and group and its axioms are generalizations of the four group axioms. every grouplike is a semigroup containing the minimum ideal that is also a maximal subgroup (but the converse is not valid). the first idea of grouplikes comes from b-parts and $b$-addition of real number...

We recall that Theorem 1.3 allows us to define the ideal class group of a Dedekind domain, and in particular of a ring of integers, as the group of fractional ideals modulo the subgroup of principal ideals. We will prove that in the case of a ring of integers, the ideal class group is finite. In fact, we will shortly give a stronger statement due to Minkowski. Using similar techniques, we will ...

A subalgebra B of a Leibniz algebra L is called weak c-ideal if there subideal C such that L=B+C and B∩C⊆BL where BL the largest ideal contained in B. This analogous to concept weakly c-normal subgroup, which has been studied by number authors. We obtain some properties c-ideals use them give characterizations solvable supersolvable algebras generalizing previous results for Lie algebras. note ...

The Schubert cells eλ are the orbits of the Iwahori subgroup B̃, while the Birkhoff strata Sλ are the orbits of the opposite Iwahori subgroup B̃ −. The cells and the strata are dual in the sense that Sλ ∩ eλ = {λ}, and the intersection is transverse. The closure of eλ is the affine Schubert variety Xλ. It has dimension ` (λ), where ` is the minimal length occuring in the coset λW̃I , and its cells...