[1] Subglacial water in continental Antarctica forms by melting of basal ice due to geothermal or frictional heating. Subglacial networks transport the water from melting areas and can facilitate sliding by the ice sheet over its bed. Subglacial water flow is driven mainly by gradients in overburden pressure and bed elevation. We identify small (median 850 m) water bodies within the Gamburtsev ...

There is growing evidence that a metastable phase of ice, cubic ice, plays an important role in the Earth's troposphere and stratosphere. Cubic ice may also be important in diverse fields such as cryobiology and planetary sciences. Using X-ray diffraction, we studied the formation of cubic ice in pure water droplets suspended in an oil matrix as a function of droplet size. The results show that...

Recent studies by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Neutron Scattering of the dynamics and phase-fractions of water/ice systems in templated porous silicas (SBA-15) indicate that what was believed to be a non-frozen surface water layer is actually plastic ice, the quantity varying (continuously and reversibly) with temperature, and converting to a brittle (mainly cubic) ice at lower temperatures. ...

The rate of ice formation was measured for Hedera helix L. cv. Thorndale (English ivy) bark exposed to -10 C. The cooling rate of bark exposed to -10 C was 31 C per minute. The water efflux rate required for ice formation to occur extracellularly was calculated from the rate of ice formation and the average cell diameter. The water potential difference driving the efflux of water to sites of ex...

Monte Carlo computer simulations of ice VII and ice VIII phases have been undertaken using the four-point transferable intermolecular potential model of water. By following thermodynamic paths similar to those used experimentally, ice is decompressed resulting in an amorphous phase. These phases are compared to the high density amorphous phase formed upon compression of ice Ih and are found to ...

A retrieval algorithm is described to estimate vertical profiles of precipitation ice water content and liquid water content in tropical cyclones and convection over ocean from combined spaceborne radar and radiometer measurements. In the algorithm, the intercept parameter N0s in the exponential particle size distribution for rain, snow, and graupel are adjusted iteratively to minimize the diff...

Interstellar water ice is mainly amorphous, but the nature of its morphology still remains poorly known. The experimental study described in this work focuses on how relevant changes of the ice morphology result from atomic hydrogen exposure and subsequent recombination. We show that there is an exponential decrease in the porosity of the amorphous water ice sample following hydrogen-atom irrad...

The Laptev Sea is one of the main source regions of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. Most ice forms in winter in a prominent, quasi-permanent flaw lead or polynya (region of open water), separating landfast from drifting sea ice. In winter 2003/2004 we have deployed two seafloor moorings in the polynya, equipped with sensors to continuously observe ice, water, and sediment properties. In parallel, ...

the larsemann hills range is an ice-free oasis on the ingrid christensen coast of princess elizabeth land, east antarctica, which includes bharti island, fisher island, mcleod island, broknes peninsula, stornes peninsula, and several other islands, promontories, and nunataks. the larsemann hills is an ice-free area of approximately 50 km2, located halfway between the vestfold hills and the amer...

It is a challenging issue to quantitatively characterize how the solute and pressure affect the homogeneous ice nucleation in a supercooled solution. By measuring the glass transition behavior of solutions, a universal feature of water-content dependence of glass transition temperature is recognized, which can be used to quantify hydration water in solutions. The amount of free water can then b...