Ice recrystallization is of great importance to both fundamental research and practical applications, however understanding and controlling ice recrystallization processes remains challenging. Here, we report the discovery of an ion-specific effect on ice recrystallization. By simply changing the initial type and concentration of ions in an aqueous solution, the size of ice grains after recryst...

We present infrared absorption studies on the effects of 50–100 keV Ar+ and 100 keV H+ ion irradiation of water ice films at 20–120 K. The results support the view that energetic ions can produce hydrogen peroxide on the surface of icy satellites and rings in the outer Solar System, and on ice mantles on interstellar grains. The ion energies are characteristic of magnetospheric ions at Jupiter,...

Measurements in nascent ice forming regions are very rare and help understand cirrus cloud formation and the interactions of trace gases with ice crystals. A tenuous cirrus cloud has been probed with in-situ and remote sensing instruments onboard the high altitude research aircraft Geophysica M55 in the tropical upper troposphere. Besides microphysical and optical particle properties, water (H2...

Global climate underwent a major reorganization when the Antarctic ice sheet expanded ~14 million years ago (Ma) (1). This event affected global atmospheric circulation, including the strength and position of the westerlies and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and, therefore, precipitation patterns (2-5). We present new shallow-marine sediment records from the continental shelf of Aus...

Phosphorus (P) is one of the primary nutrients generating eutrophication in aquatic systems1. To prevent eutrophication, municipal or agricultural wastewaters are treated to reduce the phosphorus concentrations in the wastewater reaching surface water streams. While unregulated P is a pollutant in a water body, phosphorous is a useful resource in agricultural fertilizers, food supply, and indus...

In chemistry of inorganic crystals, the octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is an apatite based crystals and having a hydrated layers which used in producing needle or plate-shaped hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystals. Although, prepared by dissolution precipitation reaction. These reaction led to hexagonal HAP nanocrystals formation under hydrothermal condition from OCP at 180 for 3 hours with pH solutio...

The GV-HSRL is a high spectral resolution lidar capable of measuring calibrated backscatter, extinction and circular depolarization from the ground or NSF Gulfstream V platform. In the spring of 2012, the instrument was modified to measure the full backscatter matrix of atmospheric scatterers. This modification enabled us to investigate the polarization properties of oriented particles and furt...