Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree particle method based on Lagrangian formulation, and has been widely applied to different areas in engineering and science. This paper presents an overview on the SPH method and its recent developments, including (1) the need for meshfree particle methods, and advantages of SPH, (2) approximation schemes of the conventional SPH method and nume...

We present a practical guide to Smoothed Particle Hydro-dynamics (SPH) and its application to astrophysical problems. Although remarkably robust, SPH must be used with care if the results are to be meaningful since the accuracy of SPH is sensitive to the arrangement of the particles and the form of the smoothing kernel. In particular, the initial conditions for any SPH simulation must consist o...

the objective of the present study is to develop and investigate the swelling behavior of ph-sensitive superporous hydrogel (sph) and sph composite (sphc). a novel superporous hydrogel containing poly (methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) was synthesized from methacrylic acid and acrylamide through the aqueous solution polymerization, using n,n-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium pe...

The serum-borne lysophospholipid mediators sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) have been shown to be released from activated platelets and to act on endothelial cells. In this study, we employed the repeated lipid extraction (under alkaline and acidic conditions), capable of detecting Sph-1-P, LPA, and possibly structurally similar lysophospholipids, whereby a mark...

By comparing a collisionless cosmological N-body simulation (DM) to a smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation (SPH) with the same initial conditions, we investigate the correspondence between the dark matter subhalos produced by collisionless dynamics and the galaxies produced by dissipative gas dynamics in a dark matter background. When galaxies in the SPH simulation fall into larger groups...

We report on the metal ion exchange between Co(2+) and CdS-based molecular clusters. These studies demonstrate that exchange into the smaller [Cd4(SPh)10](2-) clusters is facile compared to the larger [Cd10S4(SPh)16](4-) and [Cd17S4(SPh)28](2-) clusters. This trend correlates with the rate of benzenethiolate interconversion and μ-S(2-) and μ-SPh(-) content among the clusters.

PURPOSE To describe spherical equivalent (sph eq) refractive errors in preschool members of a Native American tribe with a high prevalence of astigmatism. METHODS Cycloplegic autorefraction measurements were obtained for 819 three- and four-year-old Tohono O'odham children, with follow-up measurements in 146 after 4 to 8 years. RESULTS Mean sph eq was significantly more hyperopic in the ast...

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is a useful numerical tool to study a variety of astrophysical and planetlogical problems. However, it turned out that the standard SPH algorithm has problems in dealing with hydrodynamical instabilities. This problem is due to the assumption that the local density distribution is differentiable. In order to solve this problem, a new SPH formulat...

In 2007, the results from a comparison study of grid based codes and SPH codes on multiphase interactions in compressible fluids were presented [1]. The main conclusion from this study was that whilst the grid codes are able to describe important dynamical instabilities, such as KelvinHelmholtz (KH) and Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM), these processes are poorly described by existing SPH codes. It was l...

We present a new algorithm for simulating two-fluid gas and dust mixtures in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), systematically addressing a number of key issues including the generalised SPH density estimate in multi-fluid systems, the consistent treatment of variable smoothing length terms, finite particle size, time step stability, thermal coupling terms and the choice of kernel and smoot...