Abstract: This paper proposes a new analysis method for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The main objectives are to obtain the resistance parameters of PV modules by adjusting I-V equation and voltage equation of diode and to find the relationship between resistance parameters and power. Firstly, values of serial resistance and parallel resistance at maximum power point are concluded. Secondly, the c...

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, I an ideal of R and M a non-zero R-module. In this paper we calculate the extension of annihilator of local cohomology modules H^t_I(M), t≥0, under the ring extension R⊂R[X] (resp. R⊂R[[X]]). By using this extension we will present some of the faithfulness conditions of local cohomology modules, and show that if the Lynch's conjecture, i...

let r be a ring,  be an endomorphism of r and mr be a -rigid module. amodule mr is called quasi-baer if the right annihilator of a principal submodule of r isgenerated by an idempotent. it is shown that an r-module mr is a quasi-baer module if andonly if m[[x]] is a quasi-baer module over the skew power series ring r[[x; ]].

Let $M$ be a right module over a ring $R$, $tau_M$ a preradical on $sigma[M]$, and$Ninsigma[M]$. In this note we show that if $N_1, N_2in sigma[M]$ are two$tau_M$-lifting modules such that $N_i$ is $N_j$-projective ($i,j=1,2$), then $N=N_1oplusN_2$ is $tau_M$-lifting. We investigate when homomorphic image of a $tau_M$-lifting moduleis $tau_M$-lifting.

We call a module  essentially retractable if HomR for all essential submodules N of M. For a right FBN ring R, it is shown that: (i)  A non-zero module  is retractable (in the sense that HomR for all non-zero ) if and only if certain factor modules of M are essentially retractable nonsingular modules over R modulo their annihilators. (ii)  A non-zero module  is essentially retractable if and on...

we call a module  essentially retractable if homr for all essential submodules n of m. for a right fbn ring r, it is shown that: (i)  a non-zero module  is retractable (in the sense that homr for all non-zero ) if and only if certain factor modules of m are essentially retractable nonsingular modules over r modulo their annihilators. (ii)  a non-zero module  is essentially retractable if and on...

let r be a commutative ring with identity. let n and k be two submodules of a multiplication r-module m. thenn=im and k=jm for some ideals i and j of r. the product of n and k denoted by nk is defined by nk=ijm. inthis paper we characterize some particular cases of multiplication modules by using the product of submodules.