In this article, various modulation strategies and hysteresis-band control of a recently introduced dual-boost nine-level inverter (DB9LI) are implemented. DB9LI is switched capacitor based capable generating symmetrical nine output voltage levels by employing single DC source. The topology generates boosted bipolar at the side without applying end-side H-bridge (usually employed to generate ne...

A crosslinked hole-extracting electrical contact is reported, which simultaneously improves the stability and lowers the hysteresis of perovskite solar cells. Polymerizable monomers and crosslinking processes are developed to obviate in situ degradation of the under lying perovskite. The crosslinked material is band-aligned with perovskite. The required free carrier density is induced by a high...

Bandgap tuning of a mixed organic cation perovskite is demonstrated via chemical vapor deposition process. The optical and electrical properties of the mixed organic cation perovskite can be manipulated by varying the growth time. A slight shift of the absorption band to shorter wavelengths is demonstrated with increasing growth time, which results in the increment of the current density. Hence...

Precursor solution of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx for perovskite solar cells was conventionally prepared by mixing PbCl2 and CH3NH3I with a mole ratio of 1:3 (PbCl2:CH3NH3I). While in the present study, CH3NH3PbI3-xClx-based solar cells were fabricated using the precursor solutions containing PbCl2 and CH3NH3I with the mole ratios of 1:3, 1.05:3, 1.1:3, and 1.15:3, respectively. The results display that th...

This paper presents a cost-effective vector control strategy for four switch three phase (FSTP) inverter fed a synchronous reluctance motor with conventional rotor (SynRM) drive. The reduction of the number of power switches from six to four improves the cost-effectiveness, volume-compactness and reliability of the three phase inverters. In this paper, a simulation model of the drive system is ...

The Distributed generated system originated due to the demand of electrical energy and keen scarcity of conventional energy sources. The main problem is the harmonization of the DG to the utility grid. Usually, for synchronizing the utility grid with DG source current regulated PWM voltage-source inverters (VSI) are used in order to meet the following objectives: 1) To improve grid stability 2)...

This paper proposes a new robustly adaptive hysteresis current digital control algorithm for half-bridge inverters, which plays an important role in electric power, and in various applications in electronic systems. The proposed control algorithm is assumed to be implemented on a high-speed Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuit, using measured data with high sampling frequency. The hyste...

Voltage-induced infrared spectra of annealed spin-cast thin films of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) (molar ratio, 3:1) were measured in a stepwise cyclic external electric field. Most of the observed infrared bands originated from the β ferroelectric crystalline phase. The voltage-induced spectral changes were decomposed into zeroth- (original), first...

hysteresis has been widely recognized in the soil water relationship. in this paper, a detailed review of hysteresis was performed in relation to its models. so far, different models have been suggested to describe hysteresis in the water retention curve (wrc) that could be categorized into two main groups: conceptual and empirical models. the models in the first group are based on the domain t...