Vitellogenin is a yolk precursor protein in most oviparous females. In the advanced eusocial honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), vitellogenin has recently attracted much interest as this protein, in addition to a classical function in oocyte development in the reproductive queen caste, has evolved functions in the facultatively sterile female worker caste not documented in other spe...

Vitellogenin is a yolk precursor protein in most oviparous females. In the advanced eusocial honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), vitellogenin has recently attracted much interest as this protein, in addition to a classical function in oocyte development in the reproductive queen caste, has evolved functions in the facultatively sterile female worker caste not documented in other spe...

The ductal cyst of the hypopharynx is a very rare tumor. We report a case of hypopharyngeal ductal cyst in a 63-year-old man presenting with globus sensation. It was removed by a laryngomicrosurgical technique, using a microdissection electrode. Masses of the hypopharynx may not always be easily visible on routine examination of the hypopharynx with flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopes. Particular...

BACKGROUND Paragangliomas are rare, vascular, and predominantly benign neoplasms of neural crest origin. They typically arise in the head and neck from the carotid body, jugulotympanic, or vagal paraganglia. Rarely, paragangliomas occur in the larynx. Only 2 cases of hypopharyngeal paraganglioma have been reported. We discuss the case of a hypopharyngeal paraganglioma and review the literature ...

Argonaute 2 (AGO2) protein is usually overexpressed in various head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of AGO2 in hypopharyngeal cancer have not yet been clearly understood. Here we found the AGO2 expression in hypopharyngeal cancer tissues were generally higher comparing with that of the corresponding adjacent noncancerous epithelium tissues, and these ...

BACKGROUND The airways of healthy humans harbor a distinct microbial community. Perturbations in the microbial community have been associated with disease, yet little is known about the formation and development of a healthy airway microbiota in early life. Our goal was to understand the establishment of the airway microbiota within the first 3 months of life. We investigated the hypopharyngeal...

Hypopharyngeal perforation following minor trauma: a case report and literature review c A rare complication of non-penetrating blunt neck trauma, hypopharyngeal perforation is mainly reported in association with high velocity road traffic accidents. The proposed injury mechanism is neck hyperextension associated with airway closure due to cervical compression against the steering wheel. Low ve...

Radiation to the head and neck is commonly used in the treatment of cancers. A side effect in some patients is the development of pharyngeal and or esophageal strictures. Hypopharyngeal strictures can resemble edematous larynges. If mistakenly so identified, tracheal tubes placed through these structures are unlikely to result in tracheal intubation and more likely to cause obstruction, esophag...

Hypopharyngeal cancers are often diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. Even when they are diagnosed at an operable stage, surgery often results in substantial morbidity and decreased patients' quality of life. Although the endoscopic diagnosis of early hypopharyngeal cancer is difficult, recent developments in advanced imaging endoscopy have enabled easier diagnosis of these...

INTRODUCTION Radionecrosis (post-radiotherapy laryngeal submucosal inflammation and necrosis) is a complication of (chemo) radiotherapy for hypopharyngeal cancer that is difficult to differentiate from tumor recurrence. CASE PRESENTATION A 67-year-old Japanese man presented with a condition extremely difficult to diagnose differentially as radionecrosis or tumor recurrence after radiotherapy ...