This review highlights 4 case reports in the field of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus published in the year 2015. The first article describes ocular presentations of acute childhood leukemia relapse. The second demonstrates the association of sector iris hemangioma with diffuse choroidal hemangioma. The third article provides a secondary procedure for persistent hypertropia in thyroid-re...

Background: Isolated rectus muscle ruptures are rare ophthalmic emergencies which may result in permanent diplopia. Objective: To highlight updates on clinical features, surgical treatment options and potential complications for isolated inferior rectus ruptures. Case: A 39-year-old man came to our emergency department complaining of diplopia and upward deviation of the right eye after experien...

Purpose To investigate the relationship between objective ocular torsion and the presence or absence of the trochlear nerve in subjects with unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP). Methods A total of 159 subjects with congenital and acquired unilateral SOP were reviewed. Eighty-four subjects who had a normal trochlear nerve (present group) and 75 subjects without a trochlear nerve (absent gr...

PURPOSE The mini-tenotomy is a novel minimally invasive surgical technique that weakens rectus muscles to treat small-angle strabismus. The mini-tenotomy is an alternative to the standard rectus muscle recession that requires hooking the muscle, suturing the muscle, removing the muscle from sclera, and reattaching the muscle to sclera. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of outcomes ...

An elderly lady, 80 years of age, with a past medical history of high blood pressure was admitted to the emergency department after sudden onset of dizziness and binocular diplopia. Dizziness improved in the next 24 hours but diplopia did not change. She was discharged from the hospital with medical treatment. She was initially checked two months later because of persistence of binocular diplop...

EIGHT years ago we published 26 cases of concomitant convergent squint (Foster and Pemberton, 1946), which had been treated conventionally by advancement of the lateral rectus and recession of the medial rectus, plus an elevation or depression of either the medial or lateral rectus insertion, to correct a small vertical error. Our results showed that: (1) elevation of a lateral rectus insertion...

PURPOSE We report a patient with abnormal head posture following ocular blunt trauma. METHODS This is report of a case that despite findings compatible with diagnosis of left superior oblique (SO) palsy, the patient acquired an ipsilateral (left) head tilt. The interesting observation in our patient was reduction of left hypertropia and consequent less diplopia with ipsilateral head tilt. R...

A 76-year-old Japanese woman with essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus abruptly presented with nausea, dizziness, an occipital headache, truncal ataxia, gaze-evoked nystagmus and alternating skew deviation (ASD) with abducting eye hypertropia. Cranial computed tomography demonstrated hemorrhage in the cerebellar vermis and its vicinity. These symptoms gradually resolved within three wee...

A 63-year-old patient was admitted with acute ataxia and binocular oblique diplopia. Neuroophthalmologic examination revealed abducting hypertropia on lateral gaze, better seen during upgaze, mimicking bilateral inferior oblique palsy (video, figure). There was no ocular cyclotorsion. Brain MRI revealed focal ischemic lesions in the right cerebellar hemisphere and left superior colliculus (figu...

ECTOPIA of the macula is a rare condition, having been recorded in the literature only eight times (although a few instances of the condition have also been noted in the foetal eye). Its apparent rarity is thought to justify the publication of a further case, in which a vertical displacement of the macula resulted from an attack of choroido-retinitis. Ectopia of the macula may be produced by se...