THE commonest method of investigating the permeability of the cornea is to bring a solution of the test substance into contact with its epithelial surface and to measure how much penetrates into the aqueous humour or into the stroma of the cornea itself. Clearly, it is desirable to know what range of properties of the test solution may be tolerated without causing changes in the property that i...

In an attempt to determine whether, following intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride, an increased amount of this salt could be detected in the cerebra-spinal fluid, it was noted that within a short time after the intravenous injection, cerebra-spinal fluid could not be obtained when the subarachnoid space was entered. This observation led at once to the attachment of ...

This study was carried out at Dr. Cetrángolo Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The objective was to compare two digestion-decontamination procedures: the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium citrate-NaOH (NALC-NaOH) and a combination of 7% NaCl plus NaOH, the hypertonic saline-sodium hydroxide (HS-SH) method, in detection and recovery of mycobacteria. Microscopy detection rates before and after concentr...

Salt restriction in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is widely prescribed and thereby may reduce quality of life. It is presumed that this has a beneficial effect on BP and reduces the need for hypertonic dialysate. However, this has never been formally evaluated. A double-blind crossover study of placebo versus sodium chloride pills (60 mEq of sodium per day) is presen...

The purpose of this study was to determine if plasma osmolality alters baroreflex control of sympathetic activity when controlling for a change in intravascular volume; we hypothesized that baroreflex control of sympathetic activity would be greater during a hyperosmotic stimulus compared with an isoosmotic stimulus when intravascular volume expansion was matched. Seven healthy subjects (25 +/-...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between osmolality and efferent sympathetic outflow in humans. We hypothesized that increased plasma osmolality would be associated with increases in directly measured sympathetic outflow. Muscle sympathetic outflow was successfully recorded in eight healthy subjects during a 60-min intravenous hypertonic saline infusion (HSI; 3% NaCl) o...

TO THE EDITOR: The paper by Borges et al. (1) presents an excellent experimental study comparing two approaches for the evaluation of regional pulmonary perfusion by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) as well established reference method. The negative results on the pulsatility approach confirm the skepticism addressed by recently p...

This is an investigation of the effects on the late after-potential of immersing frog sartorius muscles in three kinds of modified Ringer's fluid; hypertonic, low chloride, and potassium-free. The late after-potential has been attributed to the depolarizing effect of an accumulation of potassium, during a preceding train of impulses, in the intermediary space of the model of a muscle fiber prop...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictability and safety of hypertonic saline (5% sodium chloride) [correction]-assisted laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (HS-LASEK) vs 20% alcohol-assisted LASEK (A-LASEK). SETTING American Laser Medical Center, Rishon Le-Zion, Israel. METHODS Fifty-two consecutive eyes (26 patients) were randomized to HS-LASEK (30 eyes) and A-LASEK (22 eyes) groups. The ...

THE exchange of water between blood and eye fluids is very rapid (Kinsey, Grant, and Cogan, 1942) in comparison with the migration of sodium chloride across the blood aqueous barrier. Consequently, on making the blood hypertonic by the intravenous injection of sodium chloride, water should be withdrawn from the eye, and the intra-ocular pressure lowered. Qualitatively, such an effect has been d...