The enzyme 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 plays a major role in blood pressure regulation. It metabolizes glucocorticoid hormones into derivatives with low affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor, preventing its permanent occupancy by circulating cortisol, which is 100- to 1000-fold more abundant than aldosterone in the plasma. Inactivating mutations of the enzyme result in sev...

Abstract Background Bear bile powder is a precious natural material characterized by high content of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) at ratio 1.00–1.50 to taurochenodeoxycholic (TCDCA). Results In this study, we use the crude enzymes from engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae directionally convert TCDCA chicken TUDCA committed in vitro. This S. strain was modified with heterologous 7α-hydroxyst...

Glucocorticoids are important for skeletal muscle energy metabolism, regulating glucose utilization, insulin sensitivity, and muscle mass. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1)-mediated glucocorticoid activation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is integral to mediating the detrimental effects of glucocorticoid excess in muscle...

Objective Indiscriminate use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, Cypermethrin (Cyp) and Deltamethrin (Del) have been reported to cause system toxicity in mammals including humans. The dietary antioxidants protects tissues and organs against insecticides/xenobiotic induced damage. In present study, we evaluated the effect of exposure of Cyp and Del and possible protective roles of curcumin and...