OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of hydroxychloroquine treatment on interleukin 6 (IL6), hyaluronic acid (HA), and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) concentrations in the saliva and serum of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS Fourteen SS patients treated with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/day for 12 months were investigated in an open prospective study. Clinical parameter...

Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder of articular cartilage and is the most common type of arthritis in the elderly. There are only a few reports regarding the use of Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods: To investigate the effects of Hydroxychloroquine on the symptoms of mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren and Lawrence grade II and II...

The accumulation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in unfractionated mononuclear cells and in purified monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) was measured in vitro. Accumulation of both drugs in leucocytes was time and dose dependent. Cellular levels comparable to those found during antirheumatic therapy were achieved by preincubation for 60 minutes with u...

©2014 Turkish League Against Rheumatism. All rights reserved. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the alterations of retinal layers in rheumatic patients treated with hydroxychloroquine but without the signs or symptoms of retinopathy by using spectral domain ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Patients and methods: The retinal layers of a total of 402 eyes including 114 patients treated ...

A lmony et al report in this issue of the BJO (p 569) the use of a threshold Amsler grid (TAG) as a screening tool for asymptomatic patients taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). They studied 56 patients taking HCQ and 12 controls. Patients were tested with a ‘‘white on black’’ Amsler grid (AG), a ‘‘red on black’’ AG (RAG), and the threshold AG (TAG). TAG uses cross polarising filters to reduce the ...

Hydroxychloroquine has been proposed for HIV treatment; however, little is known about its disposition in the lymphatic system, where replication takes place. Therefore, its distribution in lymphoid tissues (Peyer's patches and popliteal, submandibular, femoral, splenic, and prescapular lymph nodes) was evaluated and compared with that in blood. Results showed a high affinity of hydroxychloroqu...

IMPORTANCE Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is widely used for the long-term treatment of autoimmune conditions but can cause irreversible toxic retinopathy. Prior estimations of risk were low but were based largely on short-term users or severe retinal toxicity (bull's eye maculopathy). The risk may be much higher because retinopathy can be detected earlier when using more sensitive screening techni...

PURPOSE The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is complex, with a wide range of drugs commonly prescribed. The aims of this study were to identify longitudinal treatment patterns in patients with incident SLE and to estimate the associations of treatment patterns with clinical and economic outcomes. METHODS This retrospective, observational cohort study used a US managed care cla...

A 51-year-old female patient with Sjogren’s syndrome had a renal insufficiency after 2 months’ history of hydroxychloroquine therapy (300 mg/d, cumulative dose of about 18 g). The renal biopsy suggested Fabry disease. The gene analysis and plasma a-galactosidase A activity were in the normal range. After quitting the therapy of hydroxychloroquine, the renal function returned to its normal state...