The Bmp4 signaling molecule is expressed in ventral splanchnic and branchial-arch mesoderm and outflow-tract (OFT) myocardium, suggesting a role for Bmp4 in OFT development. Inactivation of Bmp4 in the caudal branchial arch and splanchnic mesoderm and OFT myocardium by using a conditional null allele of Bmp4 and the Nkx2.5cre recombinase allele resulted in abnormal morphogenesis of branchial-ar...

One percent of infants are born with congenital heart disease (CHD), which commonly involves outflow tract (OFT) defects. These infants often require complex surgeries, which are associated with long term adverse remodeling effects, and receive replacement valves with limited strength, biocompatibility, and growth capability. To address these problematic issues, researchers have carried out inv...

Congenital heart defects frequently involve a failure of outflow tract (OFT) formation during development. We analyzed the remodeling of the OFT, using the y96-Myf5-nlacZ-16 transgene, which marks a subpopulation of myocardial cells of the pulmonary trunk. Expression analyses of reporter transcript and protein suggest that the myocardial wall of the OFT rotates before and during the formation o...

BACKGROUND Understanding of cardiac outflow tract (OFT) remodeling is essential to explain repositioning of the aorta and pulmonary orifice. In wild type embryos (E9.5-14.5), second heart field contribution (SHF) to the OFT was studied using expression patterns of Islet 1, Nkx2.5, MLC-2a, WT-1, and 3D-reconstructions. Abnormal remodeling was studied in VEGF120/120 embryos. RESULTS In wild typ...

in this research, we have studied the structural propenies of water. methanol and ethanol surrounding snidewalledcarbon nanotube (swcnt) and mixed of them either and we have investigated the solvent effects onthe relative energies and dipole moment values by ming molecular dynamics simulation. we used differentforce field it, deterrnaned energy and other type of geometrical parameters, on the p...