Hydrocyanation reactions enable access to synthetically valuable nitriles from readily available alkene precursors. However, hydrocyanation using hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or similarly toxic reagents on laboratory scale can be particularly challenging due their hazardous nature. In addition, such processes typically require air- and temperature-sensitive Ni(0) precatalysts, further reducing the op...

A spectroscopic trace gas sensor using a distributed feedback diode laser at λ=1.53 μm and based on quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy technique is described. The sensor is capable of quasi-simultaneous quantification of trace ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and acetylene (NH3, HCN, and C2H2, respectively) concentrations at ~100 ppbv levels with a 4s integration time. The sensor design, resp...

Transport of air from the troposphere to the stratosphere occurs primarily in the tropics, associated with the ascending branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Here, we identify the transport of air masses from the surface, through the Asian monsoon, and deep into the stratosphere, using satellite observations of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a tropospheric pollutant produced in biomass burning. A ...

Diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN, 2,3-diamino-cis-2butenedinitrile) with the formula (H2N)(NC)C=C(CN)(NH2) appears to be symmetric and has been known as an unsaturated electron rich ligand as well as a tetramer of hydrogen cyanide, resulting from the polymerization of HCN under basic conditions 1 . The reaction of DAMN with aromatic aldehydes is very interesting as in every case 1+1 condensed Schiff b...

Methyl azide (CH(3)N(3)) might be a potential precursor in the synthesis of prebiotic molecules via nonequilibrium reactions on interstellar ices initiated by energetic galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and photons. Here, we investigate the effects of energetic electrons as formed in the track of cosmic ray particles and 193 nm photons with solid methyl azide at 10 K and the inherent formation of meth...

fluorescent pseudomonads producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg) antibiotic have been well studied for use as biocontrol agents around the world. pseudomonas fluorescens pgu0 strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of sunflower in bushehr province. dual culture test showed that the strain had antagonistic activity against rhizoctonia solani fungus on different media cultures; moreover, und...

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a ubiquitous molecule in the Universe. It is a compound that is easily produced in significant yields in prebiotic simulation experiments using a reducing atmosphere. HCN can spontaneously polymerise under a wide set of experimental conditions. It has even been proposed that HCN polymers could be present in objects such as asteroids, moons, planets and, in particular, ...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenously produced small molecule, protects animals from various stresses. Recent studies demonstrate that animals exposed to H2S are long lived, resistant to hypoxia, and resistant to ischemia-reperfusion injury. We performed a forward genetic screen to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms Caenorhabditis elegans uses to appropriately respond to H2S. At leas...