State = R≥0 ×R≥0 For an abstract state (d, a), we call dist(d, a) = d+ a the energy-adjusted distance. The computational state comprises: • A simple distance d ∈ R≥0 to the base station, like the simple distance of an abstract state. • An energy level e ∈ Energy. • An energy-faithful adjustment f ∈ R≥0 capturing energy deficiencies along the route to the base station. • A table nt containing en...

Prosthetic feet are limited in their ability to mimic the energy-recycling behavior of an intact ankle, negatively affecting lower-limb amputees’ gait terms metabolic cost and walking speed. To overcome these weaknesses, a novel prosthetic ankle based on hydraulics is described here. The joint drives two cams, which turn drive hydraulic rams. One cam-ram system captures negative work done from ...

Abstract With the emerging energy demand, water shortage in rural areas, electric supply challenges, and urgent needs for net zero technologies, there has been a recent response with alternative Hydro-Powered Pumping (HPP) technology, known as Bunyip. The recently developed system continues to build commercial success, designed overcome several limitations associated previous technology of Hydr...

Ram Air Turbines (RAT) are used for emergency on-board power generation on aircraft and associated systems. Many studies usage of RATs have shown promising results in terms using as a source generation. external podded systems utilise self-sufficient adaptation. These pods generate their own requirements instead depending the mother power. Commercial cargo planes use generating hydraulic A RAT ...

1 Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, 2 Fram Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway, 3 Fram Centre, Akvaplan-Niva, Tromsø, Norway, 4 Department of Marine Sciences Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden, 5 Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre on Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway, 6 Department of Global Chan...

During May 1988 a 1230-m ice thickness profile was drilled across a floe in Fram Strait. The probability density function of this data set corresponds closely to extensive ice draft measurements from submarines and the thickness distribution of floes sampled randomly in the area. The observed similarity is attributed to the topography of the pack ice in Fram Strait where each floe is composed o...