this paper proposes a low voltage (±0.55v supply voltage) low power (44.65µw) high common mode rejection ratio (cmrr) differential amplifier (d.a.) with rail to rail input common mode range (icmr), constant transconductance (gm) and enhanced frequency performance. its high performance is obtained using a simple negative averaging method so that it cancels out the common mode input signals at th...

Potential improvements in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system performance are investigated through the application of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) robust controllers. This approach differs dramatically from today’s prevalent method of building HVAC controllers using multiple single-input, single-output (SISO) control loops. A simulation model of an experimental HV...

Model based predictive control (MPC) is increasingly being seen as an attractive approach in controlling building HVAC systems. One advantage of the MPC approach is the ability to integrate weather forecast, occupancy information and utility price variations in determining the optimal HVAC operation. However, application to largescale building HVAC systems is limited by the large number of cont...

in order to establish the appropriate methane fermentation technology for low strength wastewater, a 2.0 l egsb reactor was operated at 20â°c with 0.3 - 0.4 g cod/l of sucrose-based synthetic wastewater for 500 days. at the start up period, the reactor was operated in egsb mode with a 5 m/h up flow velocity by continuous effluent recirculation. however, the egsb reactor exhibited insufficient c...

The EU climate and energy targets and the decreasing costs have been leading to a growing utilization of solar photovoltaic generation in residential buildings. However, even in buildings with the same level of yearly generation and consumption the mismatch between the demand and the photovoltaic generation profiles leads to high power flows between the household and the grid, which is an ineff...

The operation and maintenance of commercial building HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems is illustrative of an industry that can benefit from the insightful use of all available information sources. Modern HVAC systems using direct digital control can potentially provide useful performance data. Occupant feedback complaint data and HVAC system trend data are stored within ...

Modern buildings consist of hundreds of sensors and actuators for monitoring and operation of systems such as HVAC, light and security. To enable portable applications in next generation smart buildings, we need models and standardized ontologies that represent these sensors across diverse types of buildings. Recent research has shown that extracting information such as sensor type with availab...