We consider the future dynamics of a transient phantom dominated phase of the universe in LQC and in the RS braneworld, which both have a non-standard Friedmann equation. We find that for a certain class of potentials, the Hubble parameter oscillates with simple harmonic motion in the LQC case and therefore avoids any future singularity. For more general potentials we find that damping effects ...

One reason why firms exist, this paper argues, is because they are suitable organizations within which cooperative production systems based on human social predispositions can evolve. In addition, we show how an entrepreneur, given these predispositions, can shape human behavior within a firm. To illustrate these processes, we will present a model that depicts how the biased transmission of cul...

An enhanced binding of an N -particle system interacting through a scalar bose field is investigated, where N ≥ 2. It is not assumed that this system has a ground state for a zero coupling. It is shown, however, that there exists a ground state for a sufficiently large values of coupling constants. When the coupling constant is sufficiently large, N particles are bound to each other by the scal...

The HVZ theorem is proven for the pseudorelativistic N electron Jansen-Hess operator (2 ≤ N ≤ Z) which acts on the spinor Hilbert space A(H1(R)⊗C) where A denotes antisymmetrization with respect to particle exchange. This ’no pair’ operator results from the decoupling of the electron and positron degrees of freedom up to second order in the central potential strength γ = Ze. 2000 Mathematics Su...

Postcopulatory competition between males, in the form of sperm competition, is a widespread phenomenon in many animal species. The extent to which sperm competition has been an important selective pressure during human evolution remains controversial, however. The authors review critically the evidence that human males and females have psychological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations th...

We provide a very general result that identifies the essential spectrum of broad classes of operators as exactly equal to the closure of the union of the spectra of suitable limits at infinity. Included is a new result on the essential spectra when potentials are asymptotic to isospectral tori. We also recover with a unified framework the HVZ theorem and Krein’s results on orthogonal polynomial...

Recently, interest has grown in agents that negotiate with people: to teach negotiation, to negotiate on behalf of people, and as a challenge problem to advance artificial social intelligence. Humans negotiate differently from algorithmic approaches to negotiation: people are not purely self-interested but place considerable weight on norms like fairness; people exchange information about their...

Military and security operations often require that participants move as quickly as possible, while avoiding harm. Humans judge how fast they can drive, how sharply they can turn and how hard they can brake, based on a subjective assessment of vehicle handling, which results from responsiveness to driving commands, ride quality, and prior experience in similar conditions. Vehicle handling is a ...

Physical interactions between particles are the result of the exchange of gauge bosons. Human interactions are mediated by the exchange of messages, goods, money, promises, hostilities, etc. While in the physical world interactions and their associated forces have immediate dynamical consequences (Newton's laws) the situation is not clear for human interactions. Here we quantify the relative ac...

This paper presents new bounds, heuristics, and an exact algorithm for the Pallet Loading Problem (PLP). PLP maximizes the number of boxes placed on a rectangular pallet. All boxes have identical rectangular dimensions and, when placed, must be located completely within the pallet. Boxes may be rotated 90 so long as they are placed with edges parallel to the pallet’s edges. The set of all PLP i...