Although 11-ketotestosterone is a potent androgen and induces male secondary sex characteristics in many teleosts, androgen receptors with high binding affinity for 11-ketotestosterone or preferential activation by 11-ketotestosterone have not been identified. So, the mechanism by which 11-ketotestosterone exhibits such high potency remains unclear. Recently we cloned the cDNA of an 11-ketotest...

Androgen receptor plays a critical role in the development of primary as well as advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Therefore, ablation of androgen receptor from prostate cancer cells is an interesting concept for developing a new therapy not only for androgen-dependent prostate cancer but also for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer, for which there is no effective treatmen...

Prostatic adenocarcinomas depend on androgen for growth and survival. First line treatment of disseminated disease exploits this dependence by specifically targeting androgen receptor function. Clinical evidence has shown that androgen receptor is reactivated in recurrent tumors despite the continuance of androgen deprivation therapy. Several factors have been shown to restore androgen receptor...

Objective: The present study aims atinvestigating the behavior of realized volatility for high-frequency data of Tehran Stock Index from April28th, 2012 to August 8th, 2018. Methods: Three different types of HAR models including of HAR-RV-CJ, HAR-RV and HAR-RVJ were used to analyze the Realized Volatility. Results: The obtained results of three diverse models revealed that the estimated Reali...

The growth of the majority of prostate tumors is androgen-dependent, for which the presence of a functional androgen receptor is a prerequisite. Tumor growth can be inhibited by blockade of androgen receptor action. However, this inhibition is transient. To study the role of the androgen receptor in androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate tumor cell growth, androgen receptor mRNA e...

It is widely suspected that androgen-independent prostate cancer growth depends on androgen receptor signaling via ill-defined mechanisms. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression is often used to measure androgen receptor activity in cells and prostate cancer progression in patients. In the present study, we have compared androgen receptor activity using PSA and human male germ cell-associat...

Background: Androgens have an anti-proliferative effect on endometrial cells. Human androgen receptor (AR) gene contains two polymorphic short tandem repeats of GGC and CAG, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism on exon 1 that is recognized by the restriction enzyme, StuI. Prior studies have shown that the lengths of the CAG and GGC repeats are inversely and linearly related to AR activity and a...

AIM To investigate the correlation between androgen receptor expression and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) mRNA levels. METHODS 39 human prostate cancers and 14 benign prostatic hypertrophy specimens were examined immunohistochemically for androgen receptor expression and by in situ hybridisation and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for FGF8 expression. RESULTS In 39 tumou...

BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy has some clinical activity in selected salivary gland cancer histotypes, with androgen receptor expression. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients with androgen receptor-expressing recurrent/metastatic salivary gland cancer, treated with androgen deprivation therapy. Protein expression of androgen receptor and ErbB family members was investigated....