Bacteria were quantified in samples of drinking-water and in two porridges prepared for infant-feeding [fortified instant soy-rice porridge (SRP) and cooked porridge (Lishe bora, LB)] in 54 households. Bacterial numbers were measured again after the porridges had been held at room temperature for four hours (T4). Findings were benchmarked against bacterial numbers in traditional complementary f...

Much of Mongolia’s rangelands are under state control and managed via traditional land use practices and are habitat for numerous wildlife species harvested for their meat and fur. Political and economic transformations that have been occurring since the early 1990’s continues to aff ect all aspects of Mongolian society. To cope during periods of economic hardship, many turned to harvesting wil...

production of family poultry is one of the activities which women in the villages participate and several factors effect on their participation in these activities. the purpose of this descriptive- correlational study was to investigate factors related to the participation level of rural women in family poultry activities. the statistical population consisted all rural households in maragheh co...

Technology has made it increasing difficult to be “let alone” as the number of portals into homes and businesses continues to grow, and as access to those portals remains relatively easy. Fixed and mobile phones, fax machines, voice mail, email and instant messaging all represent opportunities for commercial interests to solicit consumers and invade their personal privacy in the process. This p...

BACKGROUND The key epidemiological difference between pandemic and seasonal influenza is that the population is largely susceptible during a pandemic, whereas, during non-pandemic seasons a level of immunity exists. The population-level efficacy of household-based mitigation strategies depends on the proportion of infections that occur within households. In general, mitigation measures such as ...

18.1 In the previous chapter on the economic approach to index numbers, it was implicitly assumed that the economy behaved as if there were a single representative consumer. In the present chapter, the economic approach is extended to an economy with many household groups or many regions. In the algebra below, an arbitrary number of households,H say, is considered. In principle, each household ...

In the HIV and AIDS sphere, children remain on the margins with respect to advocacy, prevention, treatment and care. Moreover, concern is generally limited to specific categories of children, most especially children living with HIV, orphaned children and child-headed households. Excluded from view are the very large numbers of children affected by generalized HIV/AIDS epidemics, now in advance...

OBJECTIVES This cross-national study examines the poverty of older adults and their household members and relates the risk of poverty to macrolevel state approaches to welfare as well as to microlevel composition of households. METHODS Data on individuals in households with older adults for 22 countries come from the Luxembourg Income Survey. Robust cluster analysis relates the risk of povert...