Nine ecosystem process models were used to predict CO2 and water vapor exchanges by a 150-year-old black spruce forest in central Canada during 1994–1996 to evaluate and improve the models. Three models had hourly time steps, five had daily time steps, and one had monthly time steps. Model input included site ecosystem characteristics and meteorology. Model predictions were compared to eddy cov...

Time-of-use and real-time spot pricing tariffs in conjunction with direct load control of water heaters was offered to residential electricity consumers in a large-scale demand response experiment. Hourly data from the experiment on consumption, temperature, wind, and hours of daylight comprise a large panel data set, which are analysed with a fixed effects regression model. Price responses are...

Surface downwelling and upwelling radiative fluxes are important inputs into hydrologic models that evaluate water budgets, and into land surface data assimilation schemes which are driven with radiative fluxes. For large-scale needs, only remote sensing methods can provide such information. The accuracy of the derived fluxes depends on the inference schemes and on the quality of auxiliary inpu...

The study describes an investigation of the relationship between crash occurrence and hourly volume counts for small samples of highway segments from two states: Michigan and Connecticut. We used a hierarchical Bayesian framework to fit binary regression models for predicting crash occurrence for each of four crash types: (1) single-vehicle, (2) multi-vehicle same direction, (3) multi-vehicle o...

Accumulated growing degree-days (aGDD) are widely used to predict phenological stages of plants and insects. It has been shown in the past that the best predictive performance is obtained when aGDD are computed from hourly temperature data. As the latter are not always available, models of diurnal temperature changes are often employed to retrieve the required information from data of daily min...

Hourly precipitation extremes can intensify with temperature at higher rates than expected from thermodynamic increases explained by the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) relationship (∼6.5%/K), but local scaling surface air is highly variable. Here we use daily dew point temperature, a direct proxy of absolute humidity, to estimate at-gauge across six macro-regions for global data set over 7,000 hourly ...