In India, nosocomial infections (NIs) in patients admitted to intensive care units are recognized as a significant problem. The rate of NIs is two to five times higher in intensive care units than that of the general inpatient population. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from patients suffering from NIs admitted i...

The social impact assessment of large-scale projects could help effectively control, prevent, or mitigate possible negative impacts caused by such projects, and thus has been gradually developed nationally and internationally. However, due to some inherent problems, conventional index assessment system could not accurately measure and evaluate the social impact over local communities. As a new ...

this guide to the identification of iranian freshwater snails has been prepared with aim of helping individuals involved in field work, but who have had no specialized training in taxonomy to differentiate snail specimens which they collect to certain groups by means of simple identification key. the guide pays special attention to the principal snail groups which transmit human schistosomiasis...

piezodorus guildinii (hemiptera: pentatomidae) is an important soybean pest, and one of its main natural enemies is telenomus podisi (hymenoptera: platygastridae). rearing of the parasitoid is constrained by the hosts' egg quality, which deteriorates after few generations in laboratory, therefore, cold-stored host eggs utilization could be a useful tool for augmentative biological control. thus...

background opportunistic infections have become much more considerable in the last decades, especially in immunocompromised patients and due to the medical interventions. cryptosporidium is a pathogenic protozoan parasite causing diarrhea in children and some times acts as a life threatening opportunistic pathogen in the immunocompromised adults. objectives this study aimed to investigate the p...

Using bottom outlets for drain and regulation of water level in reservior has significant importance in performance mahagment of dam. Amount of service and emergency gates opening have important role in pressure, velocity and discharge coefficient variations and finally dam performance. In the present research, flow aeration between emergency and service gates was studied with different hydraul...

The transcript levels of six defense genes including pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1), pathogenesis-related gene 2 (PR-2), pathogenesis-related gene 5 (PR-5), lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) were investigated in tomato plants inoculated with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli as a non-host pathogen and X. euvesicatoria as a host pathogen. Activation o...

conclusions it is concluded that cryptosporidium spp. should be considered in immunocompromised diarrheal patients and elisa must be chosen for detection of this parasite. modified acid fast staining and cassette kit techniques could be performed if elisa is not available. the single use of the cassette kit will be inadequate for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. background cryptosporidiosis ...