In this position paper, we consider the state of computer vision research with respect to invariance to the horizontal orientation of an image – what we term reflection invariance. We describe why we consider reflection invariance to be an important property and provide evidence where the absence of this invariance produces surprising inconsistencies in state-of-the-art systems. We demonstrate ...

Accessible data analytics—that can be experienced through vision, hearing, and touch—poses a challenge to interaction design. It is also a human rights requirement because many societies mandate that all individuals have the right to experience products and services, yet not every individual accesses media visually. As more data is presented through visualization, accessibility for populations ...

In monocular vision, the horizontal/vertical aspect ratio (shape) of a frontoparallel rectangle can be based on the comparison of the perceived directions of the rectangle's edges. In binocular vision of a typical three-dimensional scene (when occlusions are present), this is not the case: Frontoparallel rectangles would be perceived in a distorted fashion if an observer were to base perceived ...

Human color vision starts with the signals from three cone photoreceptor types, maximally sensitive to long (L-cone), middle (M-cone), and short (S-cone) wavelengths. Within the retina these signals combine in an antagonistic way to form red-green and blue-yellow spectral opponent pathways. In the classical model this antagonism is thought to arise from the convergence of cone type-specific exc...

As an important factor for central vision preview, peripheral vision is a crucial ability for most ball game players in motion detection. A critical problem with peripheral vision is object recognition which has not yet been given much attention. This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the influence on object recognition in peripheral vision due to different patterns, colors and s...

The extent of the horizontal visual field was determined behaviourally in 4 pigmented and 5 albino ferrets (Mustela putorius furo, Carnivora, Mammalia) using perimetry. During binocular vision, all pigmented and three albino ferrets responded equally well to stimuli presented anywhere along the horizontal perimeter in the central 180 degrees of the visual field. The remaining two albinos had a ...

It is well known that the aberrations of the cornea are partially compensated by the aberrations of the internal optics of the eye (primarily the crystalline lens) in young subjects. This effect has been found not only for the spherical aberration, but also for horizontal coma. It has been debated whether the compensation of horizontal coma is the result of passive mechanism [Artal, P., Benito,...

The human cone visual system maintains contrast sensitivity over a wide range of ambient illumination, a property known as light adaptation. The first stage in light adaptation is believed to take place at the first neural step in vision, within the long, middle, and short wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors. To determine the properties of adaptation in primate outer retina, we measured co...

We injected botulinum toxin into the horizontal rectus muscles of the right eyes of 2 patients who had acquired pendular nystagmus with horizontal, vertical, and torsional components. This treatment successfully abolished the horizontal component of the nystagmus in the injected eye in both patients for approximately 2 months. Both patients showed a small but measurable improvement of vision in...