time-of-flight diffraction method (tofd) is an amplitude-independent sizing method which is based on the measurement of time-of-flight of defect tip diffracted waves. although tofd can measure through-wall length of defect accurately, this method is not capable of measuring horizontal defect size. in this paper, a new tofd method for evaluating horizontal planar defects is presented. the finite...

background: our aim was to investigate the effects of clinical application of perioperative predictive nursing on reducing psychiatric complications in intensive care unit (icu) patients after neurosurgery. methods: a total of 129 patients who underwent neurosurgery and received intensive care were enrolled in our study from february 2013 to february 2014. these patients were divided into two g...

Previously published results from path integral theory for the horizontal coherence length utilized an empirical relation for the phase structure function density that was quite different from path integral results obtained for depth and time coherence where the phase structure function density was expanded to second order in the lag. This letter presents a result for horizontal coherence lengt...

The minimal length of a plateau (a sequence of horizontal steps, preceded by an upand followed by a down-step) in a Motzkin path is known to be of interest in the study of secondary structures which in turn appear in mathematical biology. We will treat this and the related parameters maximal plateau length, minimal horizontal segment and maximal horizontal segment as well as some similar parame...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bridge orientation in casting machine on castability and quality of base metal castings. Methods: Three groups of patterns with different direction and lengths in casting machine were casted and then studied qualitatively and quantitatively using mean and standard deviation in table of frequency. Results: Larger nodules and poros...

PURPOSE To analyze the relative position of the mandibular foramina (MnFs) in patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography (CT) images were collected from 85 patients. The vertical lengths of each anatomic point from the five horizontal planes passing through the MnF were measured at the coronoid process, sigmoid notch, condyle, and the go...

We present a method, based on functional equations, to enumerate paths on the square lattice that avoid a horizontal half-line. The corresponding generating functions are algebraic, and sometimes remarkably simple: for instance, the number of paths of length 2n + 1 going from (0; 0) to (1; 0) and avoiding the nonpositive horizontal axis (except at their starting point) is C2n+1 , the (2n + 1)th...

    The combination of horizontal drilling along with hydraulic fracturing has significantly improved the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs and made it possible to extract the relatively impermeable and uneconomical reservoirs. The production rate of oil and gas wells increases proportional to hydraulic fracture aperture or crack opening displacement (COD). This is an important parameter i...