Background: Paediatric obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR), which increases risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and minimal-model analysis frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) are used to assess IR, which are invasive, complex and expensive. Objective: To assess IR using the deri...

To study the effect of puberty on the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parameters of insulin kinetics in obese Asian-Indian children. Material and Methods. The study population included 62 obese Asian-Indian children and adolescents in the age group of 6-17 years. Blood glucose, serum insulin, and serum 25(OH)D were measured. Total body fat was measured by dual energ...

Oxidative stress is a causative mechanism of vascular alterations resulting in arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and arterial stiffness among kidney transplantation (KT) patients. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 70 KT patients. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Oxidative stress was me...

Adiponectin influences insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, but it is not clear whether these effects are correlated with fat mass or distribution. We studied the relationship between plasma adiponectin and leptin levels, insulin sensitivity, and serum lipids by a cross-sectional study (n = 242 subjects) and by an intervention study (95 of 242) to evaluate the effect of weight loss (WL). C...

We investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and plasma adiponectin levels and insulin resistance. We recruited study subjects among one hundred and eighty one persons who were examined abdominal ultrasound at routine screening tests. A standard interview (consumption of alcohol and medical history), physical examination (height, weight, waist circumference, ...

Among the putative candidate genes for insulin resistance, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is a transcriptional coactivator of PPARgamma and alpha, regulating a wide range of processes involved in energy production and utilization, such as thermogenesis, liver gluconeogenesis, glucose uptake in muscle. In population studies a Gly482Ser substi...

Ghrelin is a stomach produced hormone that has been shown to have protective role against development of CVD which is a leading cause of death in the Arab world. The objective of this study is to examine the gender difference in association between traditional CVD risk factors and plasma ghrelin among Arabs. 359 Arab residents in Kuwait participated in a cross-sectional survey (≥20 years old): ...

In cells and tissues resistin affects IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α expression, thus suggesting the existence of a multi-cytokine "resistin pathway". We investigated whether such pathway does exist in humans and, if so, if it is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Serum cytokines were measured in 280 healthy subjects from the Gar...

PURPOSE Our objective was to analyze the association between different intensities of physical activity (PA), physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adults. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 275 university students, 18-30 years old, from Cuenca, Spain. We evaluated (a) physical activity using accelerometry, (b) aerobic capacity (VO2max), and (c) muscle strength, by a mus...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition in women of reproductive age, which is associated with a range of metabolic implications. Data concerning metabolic features of patients with polycystic ovarian morphology (POM) without any other PCOS diagnostic criteria (nonPCOS-POM) are limited. In the present study, metabolic profile of 46 women with nonPCOS-POM was investigate...