Bisphenol A (BPA), which is an endocrine-disrupting substance, often utilized as beverage and food packing material, it may accumulate in nutrition water sources, why important to monitor. In this study, for the determination of bisphenol A, electro-polymerization glutamic acid (GA) was performed on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The performance sensor (PGA/PGE) determining examined utilizi...

Electrochemical machining is widely used in biomedical, aerospace, automotive, and other fields. The development of electrochemical (ECM) restricted by many factors such as the difficulty preparing micro-electrode, large machined gap serious stray corrosion. In this paper, we present a method to fabricate micro-holes combining micro-graphite electrode with hollow structure. Firstly, sealed grap...

Electro analysis of 2-Aminothiazole (2-AT) by a low cost poly Glycine modified Pencil Graphite Electrode (poly Gly/PGE) was studied using of cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) techniques. The optimal experimental conditions to determine 2-AT was setup by the variation of the current with scan rate, concentration and pH. Electrochemical performance of the 2-AT at ...

This paper presents models for graphite pencil, drawing paper, blenders, and kneaded eraser that produce realistic looking pencil marks, textures, and tones. Our models are based on an observation of how lead pencils interact with drawing paper, and on the absorptive and dispersive properties of blenders and erasers interacting with lead material deposited over drawing paper. The models conside...

A pencil graphite electrode modified with poly (bromocresol green (BCG)) was prepared by electro-polymerization process for the determination of pantoprazole sodium. The surface morphology and structure of poly (BCG) film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The determination of pantoprazole sodium in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 7.0) wa...

The immobilization and differential pulse anodic voltammetry (DPAV) of a 20-mer oligonucleotide related to the human interleukine-2 (hIL-2) using renewable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) is described. The influences of electrochemical pretreatment of PGE on the ability of the electrode in hIL-2 adsorption, and conditions of hiIL-2 immobilization on PGE including immobilization potential and ti...

Pencil traces drawn on print papers are shown to function as strain gauges and chemiresistors. Regular graphite/clay pencils can leave traces composed of percolated networks of fine graphite powders, which exhibit reversible resistance changes upon compressive or tensile deflections. Flexible toy pencils can leave traces that are essentially thin films of graphite/polymer composites, which show...