High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was originally discovered as a chromatin-binding protein several decades ago. It is now increasingly evident that HMGB1 plays a major role in several disease conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis, sepsis, and cancer. It is intriguing how deregulation of HMGB1 can result in a myriad of disease conditions. Interestingly, HMGB1 is involved in cel...

Neuropathic pain is one of the most intractable diseases. The lack effective therapy measures remains a critical problem due to poor understanding cause neuropathic pain. aim this study was investigate effect dexmedetomidine (Dex) in trigeminal and underlying molecular mechanism order identify possible therapeutic targets. We used chronic constriction injury (CCI) model mice whether Dex prevent...

Introduction Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a lifethreatening complication of childhood systemic inflammatory disorders. HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that extracellularly orchestrates key events in inflammation. Recent data revealed that different redox states of three cysteines within HMGB1 render it with mutually exclusive activities: reduced all-thiol-HMGB1 exerts chemotactic activity...

Although laboratory studies have implicated the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in melanoma, its clinical relevance remains unclear. We analyzed nearly 100 cases of human melanoma and found that HMGB1 was highly overexpressed in melanoma samples relative to normal skin and nevi tissues. Significantly, higher levels of HMGB1 correlated with more advanced disease stages and with poorer survival...

High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), transcriptional activity regulatory protein is associated with most cancers including prostate cancer. To investigate the effects of down-regulation of HMGB1 expression, we have transfected LNCaP cells with four short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting HMGB1 plasmid vectors. Transfection with the four shRNAs efficiently and specifically reduced the HMGB1 ex...

The nuclear protein high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) promotes inflammation upon extracellular release. HMGB1 induces proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling in a redox-dependent fashion. Independent of its redox state and endogenous cytokine-inducing ability, HMGB1 can form highly immunostimulatory complexes by interaction with certai...

High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), which mainly exists in the nucleus, has recently been shown to function as a sentinel molecule for viral nucleic acid sensing and an autophagy regulator in the cytoplasm. In this study, we studied the chaperone-like activity of HMGB1 and found that HMGB1 inhibited the chemically induced aggregation of insulin and lysozyme, as well as the heat-induced a...

During inflammation, high-mobility group box 1 in reduced all-thiol form (at-HMGB1) takes charge of chemoattractant activity, whereas only disulfide-HMGB1 (ds-HMGB1) has cytokine activity. Also as pro-angiogenic inducer, the role of HMGB1 in different redox states has never been defined in tumour angiogenesis. To verify which redox states of HMGB1 induces angiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma. T...

BACKGROUND Although many studies have indicated that high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is associated with oncogenesis and a worse prognosis, the prognostic value of HMGB1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the role of HMGB1 in GC and examined whether aberrant expression of both HMGB1 and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) increas...

In contrast to microbially triggered inflammation, mechanisms promoting sterile inflammation remain poorly understood. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are considered key inducers of sterile inflammation following cell death, but the relative contribution of specific DAMPs, including high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is ill defined. Due to the postnatal lethality of Hmgb1-knockout ...