Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) or other species, such as 2,5-dimethylfuran, on solid metal electrodes in neutral media is addressed, both in the absence and in the presence of glucose. The reaction is studied by combining voltammetry with on-line product analysis by using HPLC, which provides both qualitative and quantitative i...

Hydroxymethylfurfural is a product of food deterioration and is still under investigation for possible toxic effects. It can also be used to monitor food quality. A sensitive and selective LC/MS method for monitoring this compound is presented. The method can quantitatively determine hydroxymethylfurfural in food with a detection limit of 0.005 μg/g. Sample preparation and analytical conditions...

Background and Objectives: Furfural (F) and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) are cyclic aldehydes, which are formed during the heat processing of foods. These chemical contaminants have received much attention due to their suspected health hazards and heat damage indicators. The aim of the present study was extraction and determination of F and HMF in baby-foods using dispersive liquid-liquid micro...

The conversion of the cellulose into 5-HMF would experience three steps, cellulose to glycose, glycose to fructose and fructose to 5-HMF. Chloride ion can break down the hydrogen bond in cellucose, chromium can catalyze the isomerization of glycose to fructose, and the high temperature is helpful to cyclohydration of fructose to 5-HMF. In this paper, the sawdust has been directly degraded i...

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is known as an indicator of quality deterioration in a wide range of foods. The current study covered 70 samples taken from domestically produced foods and drinks available on the Iranian markets (including honey, jam, fruit cakes tomato paste, ketchup, syrup, fruit juice, canned fruit, UHT milk, instant coffee and jelly powder). HMF levels were determined using ...

Aim—To evaluate the eVect of fortification on the osmolality of human milk. Methods—The osmolality of 47 samples of human milk was determined at baseline, just after, and 24 hours after supplementation with five diVerent human milk fortifiers (HMF) at 4°C. Results—Ten minutes after HMF supplementation the osmolality of human milk was significantly higher than the sum of the respective values of...

Voyager 1 continues to measure the very distant Heliospheric Magnetic Field (HMF) beyond 95 AU at ~35 North latitude. The MAG instrument data covers more than a full 22 years solar magnetic cycle. The magnitude of the observed HMF is well described, on average, by Parker's Archimedean spiral structure if due account is made for time variations of the source field strength and solar wind velocit...

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Bu-shen- he- mai- fang (HMF) on experimental atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. MATERIALS AN METHODS Thirty male ApoE-deficient mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 mice per group) as follows: one group received the standard high- cholesterol diet (high- cholesterol group, HC); Another group received high- cholesterol diet supplemented with HMF...

The superconducting magnet generates a field and field gradient product that can levitate diamagnetic materials. In this study a specially designed superconducting magnet with a large gradient high magnetic field (LG-HMF), which can provide three apparent gravity levels (μ-g, 1-g, and 2-g), was used to simulate a space-like gravity environment. The effects of LG-HMF on the ultrastructure and fu...

A number of ionic liquids have been shown to be excellent solvents for lignocellulosic biomass processing, and some of these are particularly effective in the production of the versatile chemical building block 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In this study, the production of HMF from the simple sugar glucose in ionic liquid media is discussed. Several aspects of the selective catalytic formation...