Solar activity has been recorded as auroras or sunspots in various historical sources. These records are of much importance for investigating both long-term solar activities and extremely intense solar flares. In previous studies, they were recorded as “vapor,” “cloud,” or “light,” especially in oriental historical sources; however, the terminology was not discussed adequately and is still quit...

Simplifying and structuring qualitatively complex knowledge, quantifying it in a certain way to make it reusable and easily accessible are all aspects that are not new to historians. Computer science is currently approaching a solution to some of these problems, or at least making it easier to work with historical data. In this paper, we propose a historical knowledge representation model takin...

the round city of ardeshir khwarah, with its concentric layout, can be considered as the first city which established by the founder of the sasanian dynasty as a symbol of the sasanian royal ideology. ardeshir khwarah plays a key role in establishment of sasanian sovereignty and urban planning. however, a little is known about the history of the city. it seems even stranger if we consider the r...

The two ancient civilizations of Iran and India, due to their long-standing cultural, political and economic relations, have had a relative cognition of each other's identity, which has, over time, become more logical, complete, and at times symbolic. Undoubtedly, in order to understand the history of Iran and India in ancient times and how these two nations interacted, we must inevitably find ...