Although the Neotropics are recognized as a region rich in biological diversity, the origin, evolution, and maintenance of this phenomenon continues to be debated. Historical ecologists and landscape archaeologists point out that the Neotropics have a long, complex human history that may have been a key factor in the creation, shaping, and management of present day biodiversity. The constructio...

Increasing habitat fragmentation poses an immediate threat to population viability, as gene flow patterns are changed in these altered landscapes. Patterns of genetic divergence can potentially reveal the impact of these shifts in landscape connectivity. However, divergence patterns not only carry the signature of altered contemporary landscapes, but also historical ones. When considered separa...

Many landscape genetic studies aim to determine the effect of landscape on gene flow between populations. These studies frequently employ link-based methods that relate pairwise measures of historical gene flow to measures of the landscape and the geographical distance between populations. However, apart from landscape and distance, there is a third important factor that can influence historica...

despite the close relationship between collective memory and urban structure, as the relationship between what is hidden and what is visible, rapid changes throughout the city have caused a disconnection between integrated memories and landscape cohesion. as a context for memories, the historical urban landscape proves valuable. the present research seeks to identify elements and signs in urban...

quality of urban areas and improvement of it have always been considered as one of the main issues in the process of urbanization. it might be possible to consider this importance as the result of fundamental changes in intellectual patterns during the past two decades in one side and its proposal in all aspects of human life on the other side though this is one of the main influential concepts...

Restoration and management activities targeted at recovering biodiversity can lead to unexpected results. In part, this is due to a lack of understanding of how site-level characteristics, landscape factors, and land-use history interact with restoration and management practices to determine patterns of diversity. For plants, such factors may be particularly important since plant populations of...

The ecological mechanisms hypothesized to structure species-rich communities range from strict local determinism to neutral ecological drift. We assessed the degree of ecological determinism in tropical plant community structure by analyses of published demographic data; a broad range of spatial, historical, and environmental variables; and the distributions of 33 herbaceous species (plot size ...

Landscape is the visible cognition of human environment, including natural objects such as mountains, rivers, the sea, forests and artificial objects such as buildings, bridges, and other structures. Landscape can be recognized and evaluated differently, depending on the viewer. However, people who share the same or similar local culture or aesthetics have the common recognition and evaluation ...